tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76443226056096580162024-03-08T10:41:05.036-08:00Essay writing sentence startersEssay Topic Repeated In Pte Exammarilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.comBlogger63125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-43266930010696963252020-08-25T17:05:00.001-07:002020-08-25T17:05:03.883-07:00Astronomy As a Natural Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsSpace science As a Natural Science - Essay Example The cosmologyâ encompasses the investigation of the universe overall. Such ancient societies incorporate the Nubian and Egyptian landmarks and other early developments, for example, the Iranians, Maya, Chinese, Greeks, Babylonians and the Indians. There was the need to develop the telescope before cosmology made it into the cutting edge science. Cosmology has generally included controls going from astrometry, observational space science, divine route and the creation of schedules (Trumper, pg. 11). As of now, space science is viewed as equivalent with astronomy. In the twentieth century, stargazing split into hypothetical and observational branches. Perception space science center around securing information from different perceptions of cosmic items that is then broke down utilizing essential standards of material science. Then again, hypothetical cosmology is arranged towards PC advancement or expository models that depict the galactic marvels and articles (Renner et al., pg. 618) . Thomas Harriot was the principal individual, four centuries back, to appear as though a divine item utilizing a magnifying instrument. He utilized his basic Dutch trunk telescope to see the moon in the late 1600s and mentioned drawings of the objective facts (Basu and Matzner, N. p. 115). Thomas was working inside a similar time as Galileo and really, Thomas did his perception before Galileo. Both Galileo and Thomas were stargazers. They invested energy in contemplating heavenly bodies all the more so the moon. The two of them built up an enthusiasm for examining the lunar. In contrast to Galileo, Harriot didn't distribute his observational drawing however he had the option to impart his adaptive discoveries to a gathering of English journalists. The two of them drew ââ¬Å"moon mapsâ⬠and they accepted to be the geological surface of the moon to be (Hyslop, pg. 293). The kind of moon maps, for this situation, is all around outlined in some writing works, for example, in the School of Night where a letter is missing and the query output to the revelation of covered gold and coded maps (Bayard, 2010). This book was written in the sixteenth century. These coded maps are in reality a portion of the drawings by Thomas and Galileo. marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-47919627604998133072020-08-22T05:12:00.001-07:002020-08-22T05:12:20.132-07:00Free Essays on The Education Of Odysseus And GilgameshThe Education of Odysseus and Gilgamesh Odysseus and Gilgamesh are the two characters in sagas who become legends through the difficulties they face on their particular excursions. During each characterââ¬â¢s venture he learns the characteristics that a decent pioneer and saint must have. The two of them start off as imperfect men and pioneers and the tests they face on their excursions instruct them to defeat their defects and become better pioneers just as saints. A genuine pioneer must be agreeable in his isolation and ready to act alone. In every epic the two characters are in circumstances where they are both disengaged and feel overwhelmingly desolate. Gilgamesh experiences depression more than once all through the epic. At the outset, he is forlorn to such an extent that he goes about as a dictator, overlooks his obligations as a ruler and seeks after little youngsters and ladies all through his realm in a journey for friendship. Later on Gilgamesh turns out to be forlorn again after the demise of Enkidu which sets him off into profound sadness and he feels as if he has no reason for living any more. Odysseus, then again, is stuck on an island with Calypso for a long time with practically no desire for getting back. He yearns to get back to his significant other and child, however he has no boat and no team to assist him with arriving. Both Odysseus and Gilgamesh can conquer this terrible depression with assistance from their divine beings. To keep Gilgamesh in the clear and less desolate, the divine beings Anu and Aruru make Enkidu as an adversary for Gilgamesh. Enkidu is Gilgameshââ¬â¢s match and equivalent as far as brain and quality and after a short beginning fight, the two become old buddies immediately. Be that as it may, Enkidu ends up being just a transitory fix to Gilgameshââ¬â¢s depression and when he passes on Gilgamesh is hopeless by and by. In any case, Enkiduââ¬â¢s demise is the occasion that eventually sends Gilgamesh on his journey for everlasting status. What's more, toward the finish of the epic when Gilgamesh returns to his country, he understands that it isnââ¬â¢t the en... Free Essays on The Education Of Odysseus And Gilgamesh Free Essays on The Education Of Odysseus And Gilgamesh The Education of Odysseus and Gilgamesh Odysseus and Gilgamesh are the two characters in legends who become saints through the difficulties they face on their separate excursions. During each characterââ¬â¢s venture he learns the characteristics that a decent pioneer and legend must have. The two of them start off as defective men and pioneers and the tests they face on their excursions instruct them to conquer their imperfections and become better pioneers just as legends. A genuine pioneer must be agreeable in his isolation and ready to act alone. In every epic the two characters are in circumstances where they are both segregated and feel overwhelmingly desolate. Gilgamesh experiences dejection more than once all through the epic. In the first place, he is desolate to the point that he goes about as a dictator, overlooks his obligations as a lord and seeks after small kids and ladies all through his realm in a journey for friendship. Later on Gilgamesh turns out to be desolate again after the passing of Enkidu which sets him off into profound wretchedness and he feels just as he has no reason for living any more. Odysseus, then again, is stuck on an island with Calypso for a long time with basically no expectation of getting back. He aches to get back to his significant other and child, yet he has no boat and no group to assist him with arriving. Both Odysseus and Gilgamesh can defeat this agonizing dejection with assistance from their divine beings. To keep Gilgamesh in the clear and less forlorn, the divine beings Anu and Aruru make Enkidu as an opponent for Gilgamesh. Enkidu is Gilgameshââ¬â¢s match and equivalent as far as psyche and quality and after a short beginning fight, the two become old buddies immediately. In any case, Enkidu ends up being just a transitory fix to Gilgameshââ¬â¢s dejection and when he bites the dust Gilgamesh is hopeless indeed. Yet, Enkiduââ¬â¢s demise is the occasion that eventually sends Gilgamesh on his journey for interminability. Furthermore, toward the finish of the epic when Gilgamesh returns to his country, he understands that it isnââ¬â¢t the en... marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-82425896033448196662020-08-06T19:47:00.001-07:002020-08-06T19:47:02.795-07:00Laboratory , Engineering Design Practice ExampleLaboratory , Engineering Design Practice Example Laboratory , Engineering Design Practice â" Assignment Example > AbstractCalorimetry is the measure of the heat evolved during a chemical process or heat required to sustain a chemical process. Calorimeter is a device used to measure the heat in a quantitative manner within control conditions. The same principle is applied in cone calorimeter. Cone calorimeter is an important laboratory device used to measure the characteristics of fire of small samples of various materials. Cone calorimeter measures the various aspects of combustion of substances utilising the principle of oxygen combustion calorimetry. Cone calorimeter has been specifically made to use the oxygen consumption calorimetry principle. (Mouritz, A. Gibson, 2007). The most important element in any combustion is the availability of oxygen. The overall heat produced during the combustion of an organic material has a direct correlation to the quantitative aspect of oxygen. There are various basic aspects of heat that provide much information when doing experiments concerning heat. Hea t capacity can be quantified in terms of molar heat capacity which is the heat capacity of a particular compound divided by the number of moles of that compound. Another quantitative aspect of heat capacity is specific heat which is the heat of an element divided by its mass. It is also important to note that heat capacity of any substance always has a positive value. Other aspects of fire and combustion in general that need consideration when working with a cone calorimeter include: the cumulative quantity of heat released, the rate of heat released per unit area, the time of ignition, the effective heat of the combustion, the total loss of mass, the rate of the loss of the mass and the smoke obstruction. These are important aspects during an experiment because they may lead to variable results for the same material if at all they are not considered during the experiment. (Taylor and Francis, 2006). IntroductionThe cone calorimeter works by measuring the heat produced by a sample burned in a closed oxygen atmosphere, enclosed by water and in control experimental conditions. The basic principle behind the functioning of cone calorimeter still remains the same. The instrument is made from the understanding of the engineering aspects of fire. Aim of the ExperimentThe aim of the experiment is familiarization of the operations of the cone calorimeter by using it to quantitatively analyse various samples. The samples include blue carpets, green carpets and experiments on various underlay. Objective of the experimentThe objective of the experiment is to analyse the various properties of fire which include: the cumulative quantity of heat released, the rate of heat released per unit area, the time of ignition, the effective heat of the combustion, the total loss of mass, the rate of the loss of the mass and the smoke obstruction. The blue carpets, the green carpets and the underlay will both be analysed by doing each of the experiments three times in order to find a more reliable average of the results. BackgroundThe cone calorimeter has been used for many years for the analysis of combustion properties of various substances; therefore the results from the experiment should be able to provide a credible source of information about the different substances. (Haines, B. 2006). marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-83715176441178351512020-05-23T09:30:00.001-07:002020-05-23T09:30:03.660-07:00Essay on Differentiation in the Classroom - 917 Words Differentiation In this short essay I intend to explain the meaning of differentiation.... In order to fully explain differentiation it is important to turn to The National Curriculum and look at what has become known as the ââ¬Ëgeneral inclusion statementââ¬â¢. This statement contains a statement that defines inclusion as ââ¬Å"a demand on teachers not to ignore the three principles of inclusion (below) in their planningâ⬠Session 1 / Inclusion, the individual and the environment. In short, these three principals are: To set suitable learning challenges, to respond to pupilââ¬â¢s diverse learning needs, and overcoming potential barriers to learning and assessment for individuals and groups. In other words teachers are expected to develop lessonsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦So how would we differentiate a lesson so that it fulfilled the needs of SEN students? Firstly, it is important to know the educational needs of all students in every classroom. We would find this information for every student regardless of SEN in their targets and performance histori es. But with SEN students we should also find help from the SENCO or person in charge of co-ordinating the needs of SEN students. Once these students have been identified they will appear on a document such as an SEN register or student support list. The aim of this list is to help us as teachers identify our SEN pupils-forewarned is forearmed. OFSTED would then expect to see that lessons are differentiated to take these students needs into account. Therefore, if I were taking a class with a visually impaired pupil I would be expected to have provided resources that overcame any barriers to learning that this might cause in my lesson. This might include worksheets in large print for the student or temperature probes that emit an audible reading rather than a visual one. If I were working with a student with dyslexia issues I would look at the students IEP (individual education plan) and identify way to help that student fully participate in the lesson. This might be something as sim ple as allowing the student to use their laptop for written exercises or giving handouts on specially coloured sheets of paper. In a practical cooking lesson I might employ a sequenceShow MoreRelatedDifferentiated Curriculum Is Absolutely Necessary Essay1156 Words à |à 5 Pagesconstantly changing. What was the best yesterday is not the best today, therefore one must possess a growth mindset. Tomlinson and Allan (2000) stated whatever does not change does not grow, and whatever does not grow atrophies. Many schools and classroom are atrophying because there is a lack of a growth mindset. There is compelling knowledge developed in recent generations on how students learn, including gender, starting point of readiness, culture, motivation, ability/disability and socio-economicRead MoreDifferentiation Between Students And Learning Opportunities1292 Words à |à 6 PagesDifferentiation According to Tomlinson, 1999 ââ¬Å"this model provides a framework for responding to differences in studentsââ¬â¢ current and developing levels of readiness, their learning profiles, and their interests, to optimize the match between students and learning opportunitiesâ⬠(Tomlinson Jarvis, 2009, p. 599). It takes into account student differences in ââ¬Å"designing opportunities for each student to engage with information and ideasâ⬠(Tomlinson Jarvis, 2009, p. 599) Criterion 1: Respect forRead MorePersonal Statement : The Teaching Profession1234 Words à |à 5 Pageswords ourselves. Such words include blending learning, blooms taxonomy, competencies, individual difference, and differentiation. In truth, some of these terms are used as justification for ideas or theories, without comprehending fully what we, the teacher, is fully saying. I chose the topic of differentiation to better understand what it is and what it isnââ¬â¢t. I know what differentiation is, or should be, but I am witness to so many teachers that use this term, but never practice the strategy. ToRead MoreBuilding Relationships : A Democratic Classroom1254 Words à |à 6 Pagestheir self-esteem and create a positive environment. Create a democratic classroom. A democratic classroom is an environment that allows students to have choices and feel safe asking questions and making mistakes. This environment shows students that their ideas and opinions matter and are important for their own and others learning. A democratic classroom helps create a sense of community among your students. Creating Classroom Community, explains the importance of students developing empathy for othersRead MoreA Typical Government Classroom Within Virginia Incorporates A Curriculum Of The Greater Democracy Of America1407 Words à |à 6 PagesA typical Government classroom in Virginia incorporates a multitude of different personalities and learning styles. This classroom is not much different. There are the typical four walls, windows for daydreaming, a white board, and a projection screen. Inside this classroom is where magic begins to happen and children begin to blossom and prepare for life as an adult. Children become aware of th eir surroundings both in school and as a citizen of not only the United States, but the World. RelationshipsRead MoreCurriculum : Differentiated Curriculum Exploration Essay1579 Words à |à 7 Pagesnumber one in the authorââ¬â¢s list about what leaders for differentiation need to know to create a coherent and effective individualized curriculum. They described change as imperative for success. Then, the authors continued their descriptors by stating that, ââ¬Å"the focus of school change must be classroom practiceâ⬠(p.35). After informally interviewing few of my colleagues, I have determined that differentiation in the individual classrooms are not common, but rare. Some educators have been tryingRead MoreCollaborative Professional Learning Project : Rationale Essay747 Words à |à 3 Pagespractice of differentiation is rooted in a student-centered philosophy or ethic of teachingâ⬠(Tomlinson, 2010). Moreover, a primary school improvement goal and focus for the 2015-2016 school year is to provide professional development for teachers on differentiating instruction. The Collaborative Professional Learning Project researched and conducted by this candidate provided an introduction to differentiation as well as gave valuable resources related to implementing differentiation. Common CharacteristicsRead MoreIntroduction. As We Concentrate On Closing Achievement1501 Words à |à 7 Pagesfor the learnerââ¬â¢s level of availability, predispositions, and learning styles. In the circumstance of a classroom, changing degrees of differences prevail within inside the students, according to Tomlinson, C. (2000). These might come from social financial, imbalances, custom, racial disparities, religious beliefs, gender, incapacity, motivation, individual interest and so on. Differentiation originates from the possibility that students from various foundations depict an alternate pattern in theirRead MoreInclusivity Of All Students Is Essential For Effective Teaching And Learning923 Words à |à 4 Pagesunderstanding students and how they learn is paramount for equity for all students. This essay will demonstrate how inclusion, diversity of learners, differentiation of lessons together with ethical and legal responsibilities for teachers and professional conduct , all align together to provide an inclusive, safe classroom for all students regardless of ability. Classrooms display a range of diverse students who should have access to the same quality education, regardless of their socio-economic background, variedRead MoreM4 Research Design Critique Report1143 Words à |à 5 Pagesdesigned for the researcher to take action and improve instructional practice in their classroom, school, or learning community (p. 462). Article Summary Action Research Design The purpose of the article by Kirkey (2005) was to, ââ¬Å"systematically reflect upon my teaching practices, and to investigate the benefits of differentiated instruction using action research methodsâ⬠(p. 1). By reflecting upon her classroom population and professional development the research question that Kirkey (2005) formed marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-2159298397184595422020-05-12T03:19:00.001-07:002020-05-12T03:19:03.671-07:00Summary of The Notebook Essay - 974 Words Ever wonder what it would be like if the person you love unconditionally lost all of their memories? The film ââ¬Å"The Notebookâ⬠originally written by author Nicholas Sparks, starts with characters Noah and Allie married to each other after many years together. Allie is in the hospital suffering from Alzheimers disease. Noah reads to her daily from his notebook. The notebook is a diary of their life together. As Noah reads to Allie their life flashes back to when they first met, as teenagers, where Allie spent her summers and follows them as couple through the ups and downs of their world win of a relationship. Allie was from a wealthy family. Noah was a poor Miner boy. It did not take long for the two of them to become inseparableâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦When Allie reads this in the newspaper, all her feelings for Noah returned. Confused, Allie decided to go back home. Allie wanted and needed to see this house. While in the town, Noah sees Allie from a store window. Noah is in shock, wants her back. Allie shows up to the house he renovated and canââ¬â¢t believe her eyes. After all these years and separation, Noah made the house exactly has he had promised her. It is evident she feels the same way, but she now has a fiancà ©. Allie decides to spend the days with Noah and this time became as it was when they were teenagers. Noah wants forever, Allie is confused because she is to be married soon. Noah asks her to stay with him but she canââ¬â¢t. Noah tells Allie that he stills loves her, he never stopped. Noah asks What do you want? Allie repeatedly cries, ââ¬Å"I donà ¢â¬â¢t knowâ⬠, but he does not take this as an answer. Noah does not want to lose her for a second time. Allie screams she has to go and tells him this is not right, she is about to be married. Allie leaves Noah and heads back to the hotel. Now Allie is confused and has to decide which love she wants. Noah stops reading the notebook and Allies memories fade after a few minutes again. Allie doesnââ¬â¢t know who the man that is sitting next to her and starts screaming for help. A nurse runs in the room to help her and asks Noah to please leave and to stop reading to her, this will not help.Show MoreRelatedSummary Of The Family Notebook 2051 Words à |à 9 PagesGrace Weiner 9/14/2016 2B Running in The Family Notebook Assignment Section 1 ââ¬â Chapter Summaries Prologue: Drought Since December ââ¬â shows the author getting used to the climate of Ceylon because of how much it differs from where he came from. â⬠¢ Intense heat â⬠¢ Reminiscing of when he used to be in Ceylon Asian Rumors: Michael longs for a return to Asia. This section expresses his feelings for Ceylon and how important the place is to him. Asia ââ¬â analyzes and dreams about Asia during Michael Ondaatjeââ¬â¢sRead MoreSummary Of The Book The Notebook 3367 Words à |à 14 PagesMaddy Michielssen Mr. Hyde English 2 Pre-AP, Period 4 Tuesday, October 17, 2014 The Notebook Nicholas Sparks SETTING The story of The Notebook begins in New Bern, a city close to North Carolinaââ¬â¢s North coast, in Craven Country in 1932. The story then fast-forwards to the year 1946, still in the same city, New Bern, in the deep south of the Unite States. The story ends in the modern era, today, in a nursing home called Creekside Extended Care Facility. PLOT A man named Noah Calhoun retreated backRead MoreBio 100 Appendix E Essay999 Words à |à 4 Pagesinstructions. A printed copy of these instructions will aid in completing the lab accurately and effectively, because you will not need to switch back and forth between computer screens. 2. Disable your pop-up blocker. LeafLab and the LeafLab Online Notebook will open in new browser windows. If you have a pop-up blocker, they will be blocked. 3. Read the online introduction and background information related to this lab 2. What are the two major sections of the lab assignment? Self-CheckRead MoreToshiba Notebook742 Words à |à 3 Pages1. Case Summary Toshihiro Nakamura, manufacturing engineering section head, examined the prototype assembly process heet for the newest subnotebook computer model. When every new model was designed, considerable attention was directed toward; * reducing the numbers of components, * simplifying parts production and * assembly requirements. This new computerââ¬â¢s production was scheduled to begin in 10 days. Initial production for new model was to be at 150 units/day, increasing to 250Read MoreThe Thinking Behind Interactive Notebooks1083 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction Interactive Notebooks are broadly utilized as a part of classrooms; some school systems have made them required for specific subjects while in other systems, instructors use them independently. The reason behind an interactive notebooks is to help students organize, and synthesize information given to them in class. The thinking behind Interactive notebooks started with instructional procedures, for example, note taking, idea mapping, and association of data as well as brain researchRead MoreThe Molecular Medicine And Genetics Community940 Words à |à 4 Pagesprocess knowledge. For the discourse community discussed in my extended writing project, the Molecular Medicine and Genetics community, a few commonly utilized genre are analyzed. These genres include research articles, research reports, and lab notebooks. Rhetorical and Other Textual Features Content Research Article: The audience for a genre is not necessarily limited to one discourse community; rather, it can be used to achieve Discourse with other communities. The research article genre allowsRead MoreEvolution Lab Essay594 Words à |à 3 Pageslab report consists of three sections: Data, Exploration, and Lab Summary. Data: copy any data, graphs, charts, or notes that you have saved in your EvolutionLab online notebook into this section. Exploration: Answer the questions. The questions in the Exploration section are the same questions in your EvolutionLab instructions. Lab Summary: Write a 100- to 200-word summary. Data To copy your data from your online notebook into this section, click on Export Graph and then copy and pasteRead MoreQuestions On Stock Reports Research Essay1348 Words à |à 6 Pagesjournal in which you discuss what you are writing, what you are reading in relation to your written work, and how writing for class relates to other writing you are doing or have done.â⬠I am a mixture of the two, I have a whole written process in my notebook that I use strictly for my business stocks, but as Iââ¬â¢m doing the step by step process I recite what Iââ¬â¢m doing so I wonââ¬â¢t forget anything that I have to do. In order to help complete this process I used a website called Screencast-o-Matic, it isRead MoreSemester A Unit 3 Lesson 31626 Words à |à 7 Pagesmight have the central idea of ââ¬Å"the struggle of slavery.â⬠How would we find the central idea as we read? Maybe we would make a list of details we saw in the text. We would certainly need to analyze the text for context clues. Open your digital notebook and describe your strategy and the learning skills you will use to succeed in this lesson. image: http://pixabay.com/en/bubble-caucasian-thought-daydream-19329/ Instruction, Modeling and Student Activities The central idea is the centralRead More5-Day Lesson Plan1065 Words à |à 5 Pages (ocean, sea, theory, freshwater, salinity, lake, river, underground water, oceanography). Student groups will complete ââ¬Å"Label the Earthââ¬â¢s Oceansâ⬠. CLOSURE: Review and discuss oceans. SUMMARY/EVALUATION: Constructed response. HOMEWORK: Complete ââ¬Å"Continents and Oceans Quizâ⬠handout. ADVANCED PREPARATION: Put television in front of chalkboard and put in video ââ¬Å"Why is the Ocean Salty?â⬠ââ¬â 04/24/11. Michelle Kendred marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-23696164329215770562020-05-06T11:45:00.001-07:002020-05-06T11:45:28.070-07:00Gandhian Model of Development Free Essays Gandhian model of development was emphasized by the Janata Party. The model emphasized the rapid development of agriculture and small industries. Village and small industries were emphasized from the point of view of production as well as employment. We will write a custom essay sample on Gandhian Model of Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now The model necessitated the following changes in the pattern of planning : (i) Employment-oriented planning to replace production-oriented planning : Nehru model by over-empathizing a capital-intensive pattern of development failed to generate enough employment. But unemployment and under-employment are at the root of the problems of poverty and inequality.There is a strong need to demarcate areas with high employment potential and investment should be directed in such areas so that the pattern of investment becomes employment-orated and the economy increases its absorptive capacity of labour. (ii) Emphasis on development of agriculture as a means of enlarging employment : Char an Singh, an ardent advocate of the Gandhian model brought out the hard reality that while in India only 39 workers were employed per 100 acres in 1971, in Japan, South Korea and Egypt, the number of workers employed per 100 acres ranged between 87 and 71.In case, intensive cultivation is done, India can enlarge employment by 50 to 60 million in agriculture alone. It is, therefore, necessary that agricultural development be taken as the foundation of the development process. The experience of the development in the states of Punjab and Haryana also corroborates the v iew that these states were able to achieve high growth rates via agricultural development and thus bring about a sharp reduction of population below the poverty lien as well as unemployment. (iii) Emphasis on small industries as against large industries :The Gandhian model emphasised that ââ¬Å"no medium or large-scale enterprise shall be allowed to come into existence in future which will produce goods or services that cottage or small-scale enterprises can produce. â⬠The main aim of following this path was to enlarge employment, have a decentralsied pattern of production which would ensure reduction in regional disparities in income and wealth. (iv) Heavy and basic industries to be developed by the public sector : The Gandhian model did recognise the need for the development of heavy and basic industries and assigned this role for the public sector.Gandhian model intended to tackle the problem of distribution of income at the production end and not at the level of consumption of fiscal measures. It did emphasize employment as the principal means of providing national minimum and removal of poverty . Rao-Man Mohan Model of Development Rao-Man Mohan Model of Development was introduced in 1991. It emphasised privatisation and globalisation of the economy. 1) Firstly, areas hitherto reserved fro the public sector were to be opened to the private sector. Although the government failed to transfer the ownership of public sector undertakings to the private sector in view of the strong opposition by the workers and left parities, it did liberate the economy and opened areas of heavy industry and economic infrastructure to the private sector ââ¬â both domestic and foreign. 2)Secondly, the government abolished licensing in all industries except a small list of 10 industries. In other words, it removed bureaucratic shackles on investment. 3)Thirdly, it free the MRTP companies from the ceiling on assets.This implied that even big business, was allowed to invest without any ceiling being prescribed by the Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Commission. Obviously, considerations of growth dominates more with the government than those of monopoly control. 4)Fourthly, foreign direct investment was facilitated. Automatic approvals for direct foreign investment upto 51 per cent in high priority areas were granted. Government was even prepared to consider proposals involving more than 51 per cent equity on a case-by-case basis. )Fifthly, performance of the public sector undertakings was to be improved by granting them greater autonomy. For this the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was devised and PSUs managements and boards were made more professional. 6)Lastly, to globalise the economy the government followed a policy of reducing import barriers and also one of encouraging export promotion. Such a course would facilitate the free flow of foreign capital and technology and thus help to modernise our economy.Rao-Manmohan Model of development has also been the subject of criticism. The main points of criticism are : i) The model was by passed agriculture and agro-based industries which are the major sources of employment generation. (ii) The model has a very narrow focus since it emphasises the corporate sector growth which accounts for only 10 per cent of GDP. 1. (iii) Although in the Industrial Policy of 1991, Multinational Corporation (MNCs) were to be permitted in high priority areas, the government has been indiscriminately permitting them even in consumer goods industries. Need it be emphasised that MNCs follow a highly capital intensive pattern of production and have thus restricted the growth of employment. iv) MNCs after entry in various joint venture raise their equity to 51 per cent level or even more and thus push out the Indian partners.This has led to the Indian industry asking for protection against the onslaught of multinationals. MNCs after entry in various joint ventures raise their equity to 51 per cent level or even more and thus push out the Indian partner. This has led to the Indian industry asking for protection against the onslaught of multinationals. To sum up, Rao-Manmohan model has succeeded on growth by raising GDP growth rate to more than 6 per cent level, but it has failed on equity, employment and poverty removal. How to cite Gandhian Model of Development, Papers marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-63212783876834869992020-05-01T10:01:00.001-07:002020-05-01T10:01:04.142-07:00Domestic Violence Against Women free essay sample Domestic Violence against Women as a Grave Threat to Society Domestic violence, or intimate partner violence as it is also referred, is a serious problem in todayââ¬â¢s society. This paper will focus on physical violence and abuse against women, though other types of abuse exist. Despite new and emerging laws, advocates speaking out, and a slight decrease in overall reported domestic violence incidents, women are still victims. There are adverse effects to prolonged and/or severe abuse, not the least of which include mental and social disorders, physical illness, feelings of guilt and shame, suicide ideation and even homicide. Domestic abuse is a grave threat to society because it can be linked directly to all of these lifelong illnesses and even some crimes. Domestic violence against women is defined by the United Nationsââ¬â¢ Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women as ââ¬Å"physical, social, and/or psychological violence within the family, the community, and/or any violence that is condoned by the stateâ⬠(Morgaine 2007). Domestic violence is not a new issue. It is present in every culture around the world and can be traced back through human existence. What is new is how this issue is being dealt with in society and by the government. The World Health Organization found in studies conducted in the late 1990s that one of every three women worldwide have been a victim of violence by a partner in an intimate relationship at some point in their lifetime (Nayak et al. 2003). This number is astounding. With violence and abuse toward women almost commonplace in intimate relationships, the question begs to be asked: What is being done to stop it? Since the 1970s, many laws have been amended or created to include more variables of abuse. Victims do not have to seek divorce or separation before they are granted help. Laws requiring an arrest if a claim of domestic abuse is made and police are called out to the scene have been passed and put into effect. Other laws and programs have been put into place in favor of the victim. They were created to help victims seek out help. In 1994, and in a reauthorization in 2000, the United States passed the Violence against Women Act. This act prompted a response by the legislature, resulting in ââ¬Å"amended definitions, and expanded civil and criminal court remedies (Scott and Kunselman 2007). Social changes, such as the Civil Rights movement and womenââ¬â¢s rights activists finally speaking out against domestic violence made the issue a concern of public health as well as an issue of basic human rights. The federal and state governments stepped in to try to curb domestic violence and provided various resources for victims in need. Shelters, hotlines and crisis centers emerged as safe havens for battered women (Rajan and McCloskey 2007). Finally, these women had some place to turn to for help. Despite these laws, however, violence against women is still a very big problem in the United States. Decree and relief from the violence are completely different things, unfortunately. Even though laws were put into place, law enforcement could only do so much. Often times, because of the laws, police were forced to arrest victims as well as the perpetrators because they had not witnessed the event. In other situations, the male was simply told to leave and regain composure before returning to the home, with no consequences enforced (Rajan and McCloskey 2007). These situations did not protect the victims, in fact, it left them quite vulnerable. In 1976, Pennsylvania passed the Pennsylvania Protection from Abuse Act. This act provided protective orders to all victims of intimate partner violence within the state of Pennsylvania. This began several years of reforms and new legal protections under the law (Rajan and McCloskey 2007). The system is not a safe fail, though. There has been a decrease in domestic violence in the last twenty years, but many abusers go unpunished. Without consequences, abusers and victims continue in the cycle of repeat abuse. In a study conducted in 2000, there showed to be approximately 908,000 victimizations against women each year between 1992 and 1999. From the study it was learned that 91% of the women surveyed had been victims of repeat abuse, that is five or more incidences within a six month period (Rand and Saltzman 2003). It really is no wonder then that battered and abused women suffer from mental and social disorders as a direct result from their ordeals. Abuse has severe and lifelong consequences even after the abuse stops. Negative, physical health problems in addition to death and physical injury, have been reported as follows: autoimmune diseases, chronic fatigue, chronic pain, gastrointestinal problems, heart disease, obesity, pulmonary problems, , severe headaches and/or migraines, sexually transmitted diseases, sleep disorders, somatic syndromes and an overall higher dependence on healthcare services. The psychological health problems related to intimate partner violence are depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. It has also been found that 51% of women who attempted suicide had a history of intimate partner violence (Renner and Markward 2009). Studies and research have shown a decline in intimate partner violence since the late 1980s and early 1990s (Morgaine 2007). In spite of this, a decline does not mean that the damage to these women in society has not already been done. These battered women are often left broken or as shadows of their former selves. Many suffer from the aforementioned physical and psychological disorders and cannot reacclimatize with society because of these conditions. Survivors may still be trying to come to terms with the damage years later and carry those physical and emotional scars with them for the rest of their lives. They may seek help, whether through professional counseling or legal prosecution of their abusers. The system has set up many resources and made them readily available, but mostly, victims of domestic abuse feel they are on their own. Many factors play a role in why a lot of abuse goes unreported and if and/or when a victim leaves an abusive relationship. Some victims fear further violence and loss of resources and shelter. This may lead a victim to stay in the relationship longer or even return to the abusive relationship (Brandi and Dawson 2011). Being forced to face the shame of being a victim and feelings of guilt also prevent women from reporting what was done to them. For some women, finding the strength to leave is the most important thing in the world to them. Once out of the situation, it is easier to forget and move on then face the exposure of a legal trial. It is this mentality of guilt, shame and fear felt by these victimized women that society does not understand. One study showed different preconceived ideas about what causes domestic violence and even what women do to deserve the abuse. Those ideas that ranked over . 50 in the survey included the ideas that 1) nagging lead to violence in the home, 2) women deserve to be beaten, 3) battered womenââ¬â¢s actions cause their husbands to beat them, 4) a man is justified to beat his wife if she is unfaithful and 5) if women are obedient and take care of their husbands they would never get beaten (Nayak et al. 2003). Given these results, it is easy to see why victims feel so alone. A large portion of society blames the woman or believes that the violence could have been prevented in some way. A common question from non-battered women in society is ââ¬Å"why didnââ¬â¢t she just leave? â⬠. The answer to this, though not proven, is not that difficult to understand. A woman, who is being physically abused, is usually being emotionally abused and manipulated as well. A real threat of death may keep women from leaving. Resources may have been taken away from these women: money, cars, even jobs. They are usually isolated from the people that care about them. The abusers are their husbands, boyfriends, and significant others, oftentimes the only person left to love them. The abusive relationship is all they know. Domestic violence poses a grave threat to society because it can lead to further crime. Battered women may feel so trapped that there is no other way out than homicide. The homicide rate within intimate partner violence has dropped significantly in the last twenty five years due to increased public awareness and new policies, but it still exists (Dugan, Nagin, and Rosenfield 2003). Retaliation or feelings of being trapped lead some battered women to commit crimes they never would have before. Ironically, the resources that have been put into place to protect women from violence have actually played a crucial role in reducing the number of intimate partner homicides at the hands of victims. Studies have shown that regardless of whether there are resources available or not to help battered women, menââ¬â¢s violent tendencies stayed the same. This may seem to be a benefit to society, since homicide is being prevented, but it also shines light on something else. The laws that have been put into place need to be revised. Women are still unsafe and policy needs to be dramatically altered to deal with that (Dugan, Nagin, and Rosenfield 2003). If the government and society worked harder to accept domestic violence as not just a problem, but as a violation of human rights, as it is directly stated in the fourteenth amendment, these women might stand a chance. If nothing changes, one out of every three women will continue to be at risk of developing serious health problems, continuing to be exposed to violence, and getting so lost in the shuffle of the legal system that they take the law into their own hands. marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-82377810043529007552020-03-21T20:38:00.001-07:002020-03-21T20:38:02.570-07:00Henry VIII persue new foreign policies Essay ExampleHenry VIII persue new foreign policies Paper When accessing how far Henry VIII pursued new foreign policies in the period 1509-1514, it is important to take into account the idea of change and continuity. Henry VII established some very strong and clear foreign policies, however Henry VIII wanted to very much distance himself from his fathers work and ethos. It is essential to look at the policies that Henry VIII changed and the reasons behind this, but also whether he kept any of his fathers strategies. It is vital to remember that many factors contributed to the characters of both Henry VII and Henry VIII. I will continuously focus on the theme of their childhood and upbringing, and how these factors may have contributed to their behaviour in adulthood, and how well they were prepared for the role of a king. Henry VII was perceived as a miserly character, whose enigmatic and distant nature caused him to be disliked by many. He was, however, very independent and was governed by none, which ensured that everything was overlooked by him. Similarities between Henry VIII and his father were that they were both good at networking and highly intelligent. On the other hand, Henry VIII enjoyed spending his money on the nobility and lavishing himself with a hedonistic lifestyle. In my opinion, this major difference stemmed from the fact that their upbringing was so different. Henry VII grew up and gained training as a king not only in a studious way, but he also had the chance to experience court politics and learn through gossip and observations. His mother was a great influence over him, and she fully supported her sons political interests. Henrys uncle, Jasper Tudor, was the only constant figure in his life, and always gave Henry stability, loyalty and a political role model. We will write a custom essay sample on Henry VIII persue new foreign policies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Henry VIII persue new foreign policies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Henry VIII persue new foreign policies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Henry VII fought for the crown, against the Yorkist king Richard III, at the Battle of Bosworth. He had a fierce determination to become king, and become secure dynastically. Henry VIII on the other hand, was guarded against the exposure of having to take responsibility. His older brother Arthur was expected to be heir to the throne, and therefore Henry was untrained as king and left to enjoy his youth. I believe that this is very influential over the methods in which Henry VIII dealt with the decisions of a king, especially when concerning foreign policies. Henry VII believed that securing the throne was the most important contribution that he could make, as did Henry VIII. However the way in which they went about doing this differed. Henry VII always maintained a peace policy. He realised quite rightly that foreign relationships had to be secure, in order to decrease the chances of being attacked and overthrown. Henry VII used peace treaties to his advantage. He ensured that Britain became a nuisance to France, and so France was forced into having to sign the Treaty of Etaples, if they wanted to get rid of Henry and his army. This helped Henry greatly, as the treaty meant that war was avoided with one of Englands closest neighbours. Henry also signed the Treaty of Medina del Campo, which promoted peace between England and Spain. Henry was very much aware of the importance of these treaties, as they encouraged trade, protected pretenders and most importantly, improved the relations between foreign countries. Henry VII realised that a strong king coincided with the idea of a rich king, and so a peace policy meant a cutting down on the expenses of war. Henry VIII was opposed to his fathers idealistic view on foreign policy. Even though Henry VIII wanted to secure the throne to provide a reassuring and safe life for his heirs, he went about seeking to provide this in a different manner. He wanted glory. He wanted to be seen as the warrior king. I believe that this is where the influence of his childhood is most significant. Henry VIII was brought up with the idea that past family members, in particular Henry V, were extremely victorious in wars. This affected Henry so much, that not only did he want a parallel glory to Henry V, but he also commissioned a translation of a book about Henry Vs early life. Henry VIII was also made aware of the fact that it was only 80 years since Henry VI had been crowned king of France, which meant that according to him, he rightfully inherited the French crown. Unlike his fathers peace policy, Henry believed in a more traditional interventionist policy. Henry wanted prestige and military glory, which he gained when winning the battle of the spurs. This was very successful through Henrys eyes, as it was the first territorial gain in France for 75 years, and did much to heighten his popularity. Henry persued this idea of being militarily successful, but I do not believe he achieved this. Henry was in France whilst James IV was victorious at Flodden, which made Henrys gains become overshadowed by James IV victory in England. Even though this was a victory for England, it is questionable as to whether it was a victory for Henry. The treasury became bankrupt and to maintain territorial gains would result in great financial cost. However, Henry was mainly concerned about his reputation, and instead of being cautious with finance, spent his money lavishly. In fact, the war with France (1512-1524) cost i 892,000, a startlingly large amount during the Tudor period. This clearly shows how determined he was to persue a new foreign policy of military power a foreign policy that was completely set apart from his fathers. To ensure the throne was as protected as possible, Henry VII was very adamant that it would be arranged for his son, Prince Arthur, to marry the king of Spains daughter. Henrys eldest daughter, Margaret, married James IV of Scotland, which was intended to bring future peace between Scotland and England, both renowned for being traditional enemies. Henry himself also married Elizabeth of York, a woman who was a Yorkist. This enabled him to reduce the possibility of future Yorkist claims to the throne, which was significantly important after the War of Roses. Henry VIII was slightly more reckless with his heart. Even though he aimed to carry on his legacy, he had in total six wives. He viewed the point of marriage as being able to produce legitimate heirs to the throne, however unlike his father, he enjoyed courting and charming the women in his life. This could possibly be because not only did women constantly surround him, but also his bedroom was also next to his fathers and 100 servants. This undoubtedly allowed him to witness many things and possibly shape his strange outlook on women, as well as put his own interests first, above the idea of marrying for dynastic security. On the other hand, he did marry Catherine of Aragon (though this was his fathers idea) which he understood was necessary. I believe in this way he persued and maintained this element of foreign policy, and continued his fathers ideas on the importance of international relations through marriage. The nobility affected Henry VIIIs decisions towards foreign policy. They supported his policy of aggression, and were determined to go to war. Henry was generous with patronage, and gained the nobilitys support through a subtle form of bribery. The nobility welcomed this, as it was a large difference to the way that Henry VII treated them. Henry VII through the learned council was very harsh with bonds and recognaisances. He did not want the nobility becoming strengthened, and so held back with patronage. He used Empson and Dudley to collect taxes from the nobility. Henry VIII changed this policy by executing Empson and Dudley, the two men that worked so closely with his father. This gained a lot of respect with the nobility and clearly signified the fact that his way of ruling, and deciding upon policies was opposite to his father. Henry VIIIs need to persue new foreign policies, and in fact domestic policies, stem from the fact that he could see how unpopular his fathers way of ruling was. It is thought that Henry VII was hanging by a thread, and by the end of his rule was not at all secure. Henry VIII wanted to distance himself from this, and expectations were upon him to act differently to his father. He persued foreign polices that were dissimilar to Henry VIIs, and, apart from the idea of continuing and securing the Tudor dynasty through arranged marriages, every other policy was a contrast. I believe that this is due not only to society expectations at the time, but also Henry VIII had clear expectations for himself from an early age. Growing up in the shadow of his older brothers legacy may have been difficult for Henry, and so when he was given the power, he used it to the maximum, always with full determination, sometimes with naivety. As a child, he was constantly thinking of the past generations, and their glory and patriotism, and how they were respected and adored, usually due to their military connections. It is no surprise that Henry VIII persued the foreign policies that he did. Regardless of whether they were successful or not, he did everything in his power to follow his own path, and neglect his fathers legacy. marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-51524212642638362692020-03-05T11:04:00.001-08:002020-03-05T11:04:02.344-08:007 Questions to Answer in Your Business Pitch7 Questions to Answer in Your Business Pitch At its core, a business pitch is a presentation given to an investor, inviting him or her to consider investing in your business idea. This can be done in several different ways - online and via e-mail, in-person, or through requests for pitches/proposals. With nontraditional methods employed by the influx of business incubators and accelerators in most major cities, the business pitch has replaced the business plan as a buzzword among start-ups. From the idea of an elevator pitch (which is basically your business pitch in the few minutes it takes to ride an elevator with someone), to the 30 to 50-page business plan, the business pitch falls somewhere in the middle as a way to attract investors and to convince them to fund your entrepreneurial idea.So, do I even need a business plan if I have a business pitch?So, do you even need a business plan at all? In her article in Forbes, Sabrina Parsons, CEO of Palo Alto Software, expresses concern over the assumption that a business plan is a thing of the past. While she admits that the days of 30 to 50-page business plans might be over, she points out that a true venture capitalist will want to see the numbers and details that a business plan provides.So, go ahead, pitch, she writes. Dont send a business plan to anyone. But you better have done your homework and have all the research somewhere so that when that Venture Capitalist asks you a pointed question about why your forecast is realistic, you can launch into an intelligent response that covers your market, the size, the competition, and your pricing, which will show that Venture Capitalist you actually do know what you are talking about, and could potentially implement this business.The lesson here is that you cant have a great business pitch without a great business plan to give it a backbone. But once thats the case, and youve done your research, here are seven questions you should be ready to answer during and after your business pitch presentation.Question 1 - What is the competitive landscape?Any business plan or business pitch needs to contain a solid picture of the competitive landscape surrounding the proposed business. Who are the competitors? What are their strengths? What are their weaknesses? What do they do that you plan to do better; or in other words, how do you plan to compete with them?Understanding the competition is a large part of running a successful business. In the same sense that when pitching a novel to a publisher, a novelist will need to know the sales statistics of other writers who have successfully published in their intended genre, and how he or she will be different from those writers - you need some numbers to run by your potential investors to show them the high odds of your business being a success. In the simplest of terms, you need to know and be able to clearly present what else is out there thats similar to what youre doing, and know details like what theyre charging and whats included. Not only wi ll this help you to potentially fill in gaps in service or product offerings that other businesses are providing, it will also help you to narrow down the revenue you can expect to make by looking at the revenue of similar businesses.Question 2 - Who is the market for what youre offering and how do you plan to reach them?The next information that needs to be a part of your business pitch is the market for what youre offering and how you plan to reach that market. This can include demographics of your intended clients or customers. Being as specific as you can be in delineating each possible demographic will assist later - after your business is up and running - in designing specific marketing campaigns on social media or elsewhere. Such campaigns are targeted as narrowly as possible when optimized to reach the best audiences, so knowing these details on the front-end of your business preparations will be valuable insight.Knowing your market will also help you to tailor your busin ess website content. If youre like most start-ups, your online presence is essential to what youre doing and a website (or social media) is required. Distinguishing your market will help your website reach the right audience and project the right brand image you are seeking to build.Question 3 - What will you sell/offer and how much will you sell/offer over the next 12 months? What about the next 5 years?This information should include details about the product or service you plan to offer in your entrepreneurial activities, as well as a forecasted volume of sales. These numbers should be based on solid research, with numbers reflecting current market trends and statistics. Whatever information you find thats relevant, document it and its source, keeping in mind to pull numbers only from valid, trustworthy sources.Your sales goals should also be divided into periods - for example, the first year of business operation and the first 5 years of business operation. The business plans that do this correctly can also project further than 5 years. This shows your investor that you are prepared for things like changes in the market, and have set realistic sales goals to help you to keep up with how your sales are doing despite such changes. Even if you arent completely sure of how the outlook of your sales will look within the next 5-year timeframe, planning for these long-term goals keeps you looking like youre on top of your game (even if you arent!).Having a forecast of your sales goals will work to your advantage in two ways. First, it will help you to set goals along the way - daily, monthly, or quarterly - and provide a well-researched reason behind the goals you set. Second, it will give venture capitalists a glimpse of the kind of revenue you plan to generate through your business, and essentially help them to get a bigger picture of whats in it for them if they choose to invest.Question 4 - What are your overhead and inventory costs over the same timefra mes?Everyone has heard the adage that you have to spend money to make money. The overhead and inventory cost calculations that should be a part of your business plan and business pitch involve this exact concept. Investors know that these are numbers that will affect the bottom line, so they cant be overlooked when planning your business, even as part of the pitch. You need to know what it will cost to run the business you plan to run, and how much money needs to be spent up front to reach the point where revenue can be made. Without these details, it will seem as if you havent planned your business from a practical standpoint, which is a red flag to potential investors.You need to know exactly what will be required to have in your inventory, as well as the overhead that will be required in the basic operation of your day-to-day business dealings. Will you need a printer? Put that on the list. What about ink for the printer (which is expensive!)? Put that on the overhead cost list, as well. If a potential investor looks at your overhead costs and notices that you havent determined these costs from a realistic vantage point, your entire business idea will start to not hold water.Question 5 - What is your timeline and your plan to implement this timeline?When hearing your business pitch, a potential investor will want to know about your timeline for the business, and your plan to implement that timeline. For example, youll need to estimate important start dates for expenses incurred in the process of conducting your business. When will your storefront be open, and what will it take to get to that point? Five months into your storefronts being open, what do you expect to see as far as sales and inventory costs?This timeline will sync with your long-term plans for cost and inventory, as well. Together, they will present an overall picture of how well you have planned out your business. In short, they will either make or break your business pitch!Question 6 - How will you use the money invested in your business?Venture capitalists are less likely to finance your business idea if they worry their money will be mismanaged. Because of this reality, most will want to see a detailed estimate of how the money that is invested will be used and accounted for. Within this analysis, they want to see that youve realistically planned for the business expenses that you will incur in the process of opening and running your business. They also want to make sure that youve included budgets for everything from assistants to paper to storefront costs if you are opening a brick-and-mortar store. Put simply, they want details about where the money is going and how it will be accounted for at all stages of the business enterprise - from planning, to execution, to managing for longevity.Question 7 - What can investors expect to receive in return for their investment?In addition to full disclosure of how their money will be spent in the day-to-day operations of a business, investors will, of course, want to know the return they can expect to receive for their investment. As the part of your business idea that is likely to be the most attractive facet to an investor, this ROI is the true selling point of the entire pitch. No investor will want to put money into something that will lose money for him or her, and this promise (or suggestion, rather) of a return on his or her investment is the part that must be solidly presented, with numbers to back it up. Investors also want to see that you have the business acumen to understand how to handle their investment wisely, and, hopefully, to not lose money in the process of trying to gain it. Once you have investors convinced that you know what youre doing - that youve run the numbers multiple times and are prepared for a myriad of potential problems - youll have their ear and their money.Final noteA business pitch and a business plan are likely to be looked over if they are full of grammar, sp elling, or punctuation errors. Dont forget to have a second pair of eyes look over all of your writing - both for the business plan and for the presentation materials that you might be putting on PowerPoint slides or other software. Even the best-organized business plans can look unprofessional with just a few small grammar errors, as investors will wonder why youve allowed something so important to you to be overshadowed by misspellings and mistakes. Put simply: If your business plan and business pitch are rock solid, be sure your grammar, spelling, and punctuation used to relate them are equally as solid. marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-17370270108794796622020-02-18T02:30:00.001-08:002020-02-18T02:30:03.351-08:00Gone With The Wind Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsGone With The Wind - Research Paper Example Authority/Credentials of the Author The author of the article, Neil Netanel is a professor at the UCLA School of Law where he has been since fall 2004. Prior to that, the author was a member of fuculty at University of Texas Austine School of Law for a decade. Here, the author was the White, Durkee and Arnold Centennial Law Professor. The author practiced law between 1981 and 1984 at Loeb and Loeb located in Los Angeles, as well as in Tel-Aviv at Ygal Arnon & Co. between 1985 and 1992. Concerning educational background, Netanel holds B.A. from Yale university received in 1976, J.D. received in 1980 from UC Berkely Boalt Hall School of Law and J.S.D. received in 1998 from Stanford University. Hence, Netanel is well educated making information that he provides reliable. With regard to experience, Netanel has authored and co-authored several texts used in learning institutions among other institutions today. He is mostly an expert in teaching and writing about free speech, copyright, te lecommunications law and policy, and international intellectual property. Some of the most recent books authorted by Neil include 2008 Copyrightââ¬â¢ Paradox, The Development Agenda: Global Intellectual Property and Developing Countries (2008), From Maimonides to Microsoft; The Jewish Law of Copyright Since the Birth of Print (2011)à both published by Oxford University Press. From the evaluation of author experience, credentials and educational background, it is clear that he is well vast in this area of law and other isues sorrounding legality of copyright and free speech. Therefore, article is written by an experienced author, thus, the credibility of the information is trustworthy. Validity of Research The information provided in this research is of high quality because it achieves almost all the parameters that determine the validity and credibility of a research article. For instance, the article refers to several other sources of information, which are all referenced thro ught the article. Furthermore, since it is dicussing fair use, which is related to court issues, it also refers to several past court cases. These cases, especially landmark cases, provide adequate evidence for the argument that the aauthor puts across in this article. The references used and cited inside the text are also listed at the bottom of every page in the form of footnotes, which enhances the quality and validity of the information provided in the article. Evaluation of the evidence presented by the author in this article clearly indiactes that it supports the authorââ¬â¢s claim about fair use. Moreso, the author refers to variuos sudies and research to draw his conclusion about this issue. The major conclusion from this research is that the courts have embraced tranformative use doctrine more that they did ten or twenty years ago, and this contributes to high win rates of defendants with regard to fair use. In addition, the author uses objective research to support his claim as opposed to personal opinion or narrative. This is because he draws information from several books, and in addition, uses emphirical data to as evidence to support his cl marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-12687611883850299422020-02-03T15:34:00.001-08:002020-02-03T15:34:03.828-08:00The effect of stress among college students Research PaperThe effect of stress among college students - Research Paper Example Undoubtedly, as the study intent, effects of stress observed on college students, presents a multidimensional, complex and wide ranging event. Thus, to obtain a specific direction and understand the effects caused by stress on college students, the discussion henceforth emphasizes three themes; viz. (i) Physical and Psychological effects caused by stress among college students, (ii) Unhealthy habits in effect of stress on college students, and (iii) Increased drop-out rates as effects of stress on college students. Scholars have often argued sleep disorders, and psychological effects such as anxiety and negative mood fluctuations as associated with education stress among college students. Assessing the same notion through a quantitative model, findings obtained by Wong, Lau, Wan, Cheung, Hui & MOK (2013), revealed a higher scale of daytime sleepiness, depression or negative anxiety and reduced self-esteem interlinked with the academic functioning of the college students. This particular inference was justified in the study made by Elhai, Miller, Ford, Biehn, Palmieri & Frueh (2012), demonstrating greater rates of physical and psychological impairments among college students in terms of negatively reactivity, avoidance, negative cognitive alterations and hyper-arousal among others (refer to table 1 in appendix). Nonetheless, stress is found to be perceived by the students, which further results into anxiety and sleeping disorders among them, further causing physical health deterioration (Duan, Ho, Siu, Li & Zhang, 2015). In contrast, however, Wong et al. (2013) depicted an interlinkage between the factors stated; the relationship tested was more inclined towards testing the psychological effects on the educational merits of the students and not the vice-versa. A rather more insightful explanation was provided by Read, Ouimette, White, Colder & Farrow (2011), wherein the study revealed a strong association of posttraumatic marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-56831425380330913272020-01-26T11:58:00.001-08:002020-01-26T11:58:06.645-08:00The importance of enterprise computing to enhance business performanceThe importance of enterprise computing to enhance business performance Introduction Nowadays Information technology has a rapid growth. Almost every day there are new ideas to improve the performance of technology. It cannot be denied that people who lives today unconsciously depends on technology. Each task did by the people gets many help from technology. For an instance, a hand phone that help us to communicate with our colleagues, the internet that serve certain time information for us and many more technology which made our daily activity become easier. At least we can follow the technology progress so that we dont left behind. Technology has an important role both in our lives and business. A company or organization need to know about the technology to help them to running their task in easier way. They must change their manual way to the automatic one. The automatic system will help finishing several tasks easier. There are several benefits if an organization or a company applying the automatic system. One of the benefits is reducing the production time. Time is an important aspect furthermore now. One second its look like very expensive. Customer wants a product or services which available in certain time. This condition forces a company to work harder for supplying customer requirements. Another benefit is reducing a cost to hire an employee. The automatic system doesnt need many resources to handle the task. For an instance is a telecommunication company. The company doesnt need require many operators to answer customer question about their products or services. The customer only needs to dial a partic ular number suitable to the call center provided by the provider and they will be served by a voice system that will give all the information suitable with the customer requirement. With a hand phone, a customer can get all the information regarding their requirements anytime, anywhere they want. This is a fact that enterprise computing is helping to run a business whatever its scale or to made our daily activity easier. Suitable to the benefits offered by enterprise computing, it can be a references or as a base to keep developing an enterprise computing in the company it selves. Adopting an automatic system is a brilliant way for a company to keep producing and inventing for their own customer satisfaction. See how it is important of enterprise computing for a company to grow up their business and get more rating from their customer. Enterprise computing shouldnt only for a big scale business but also for intermediate and small business too. Essentially an intermediate and small business are need to make an invention to grow their scale to be a greater company that follow the competition with another company. In this case is about customer satisfaction and the effectiveness of work. There is a chance to grow up the scale of business to be the greater on is they can see the opportunity and keep adapt the technology which always change every time. It is because the technology can be applied to all business sectors. For an instance are healthy, agronomic, trading, farming and many others. It is why a company required the technology and enterprise computing in particular. The Enterprise Computing A company has its vision and mission to keep growing. It was suitable with their target stated before. A company commonly wants an improvement at all business sectors. Begin with the essential aspect such as competent human resources, smooth production process and of course good result for its customer. There is no company who wants regression happen on their business. Both Production Company and Service Company want a real improvement for their business. They want increase the effectiveness in doing their tasks, reducing production cost and get a good result. Then when the time has coming to a company to step their business level to the higher one. This company is on transition phase between small business to the intermediate or to the higher level. This phase force a company to change their system in doing all tasks. They must keep an eye to the technology trends. This is related to the pattern or the way how they do all the tasks. Usually it was triggered by customer requirements regarding their success providing a product or services. From the above illustration, a company must have a planning to make a brand new system for improving their available system now. In this case an enterprise computing is the best solution for a company. Enterprise computing offering an easier way to solve a complex task and produce a better results in the end. Enterprise computing it selves is an integrated system that helps a complex task by applying an automatic system or a computer. Enterprise computing has a tight relation with information and technology. In the other side information and technology has a rapid development. Because of that a company requires to follow the development of information and technology for applying enterprise computing it selves. Enterprise computing has a various methodology. It might be too complex to explain. But the main idea is changing the manual system to the automatic one. Imagine the old way of hiring an employee to the company. The HRD staff urgently needs to publish the recruitment opportunity with an advertisement. Then when the employee candidate know about the advertisement, he must be go to the company and asking whether the job still available or not. This way is wasting too much time. Let we compare with the automatic system. The HRD only need to post the job at the internet and providing a form for the employee candidate then when the registrant is enough, the HRD just need to call a several candidates to the next interview process. See how it more effective than the old way. High analysis technique and right implementation of enterprise computing are required. Enterprise computing is not an easy method. A company required to prepare all the plans in a good form and deep analyzing to what their requirement and in where aspect they need to change. The transition phase looks like a challenge for a company to determine their futures. It might be success or failed depends on what their plans before. They must think and forecast what probably happen with their plan yet. Then the percentage of success is higher then failed. In the end there will be a great result of changing their system to be an enterprise computing. There are several benefits of enterprise computing. But it also has a weakness. These two aspects required to analyze before applying enterprise computing for the company suitable with their own condition yet. Advantage and Disadvantage of Enterprise Computing There are several reasons why the enterprise computing might be failed to construct. As mentioned above that an enterprise computing required a deep analysis before implementing it to the current system. The company required to see from many points of view and recognize the information technology development. Then after all carefully analysis the plan should be conducted in a good form. The plan must cover all company requirements. The most important aspect to analyze before all steps of conducting enterprise computing are the advantage and disadvantage of it selves. With these comparisons, the expertise in the company can determine the best way and look for good opportunity to implement enterprise computing. Here are several main points of advantage and disadvantage of enterprise computing in improving business process. Advantage 1. Increase productivity This is the main advantage of enterprise computing. With the enterprise computing applied, a company is able to increase their production. Then they will be generating a product or services suitable to their customer requirements. 2. Reduce operational cost Enterprise computing doesnt need many resource involved in the system. For an instance is a process of recruiting an employee. The old system might be requiring a two or more HRD to handle the task. With enterprise computing applied, it might be able to do with only one HRD. The HRD only sit at the front of his desk and wait the candidates fill the recruitment form online. 3. Reduce operational time An instants product or service became a main aspect today. The faster is better. Enterprise computing is offering a minimal production time. The main concept is the different of conventional system and the automatic one. Automatic system is offering a better production time than conventional way. Each complex task can be done by automatic system without a problem. 4. Gain more result Customer satisfaction is the good result parameter for a company. Customer doesnt care how the process, they only want their requirement provided by a company anytime they need. This condition forces company to gain more result. Again enterprise computing is offering this. Disadvantage 1. Required high problem analysis It might be hard in the beginning of enterprise computing. As mentioned above that high analysis is required before conduct the system. There are many aspects to be analyzing in the beginning. Then the company did not made any mistakes in their planning. 2. Complex at the beginning The complexity of enterprise computing might be hard enough to implement for the beginning but it will not be a trouble anymore in the future. The complexity happens if there are no deep analysis to the problem occurred. This aspect also needs to get attention for developing enterprise computing. 3. Threat from external resource External resource such as a virus needs to get particular attention. The integrated system has a rapid data exchange inside the network. It triggers a new thread of virus attack. The system must able to defense itself from external threat. Installing a suitable antivirus is a good idea to keep the system running healthy and free from virus attack. Implementing Enterprise Computing Planning something is easier than implementing it. There are several main steps that need an attention to implement an enterprise computing to the current system. Here are the steps required. 1. Identify This is the root step of implementing enterprise computing. The entire problem needs to be identifying first. Each company has their own profile, condition and goal. They must gather its carefully. Essentially a company has a challenge to work more maximal. This is related to customer requirement. Customer has a requirement and a company need to satisfy them. If a company doesnt indentify it carefully, customer might be changed their mind to move to another company which can provide an interesting product. In the end this condition would be affecting to company income. Customer satisfaction is an instance of identification required aspect. A company must be more carefully in this step. So that the entire required aspect for developing would be indicate in a good pattern for smoothing the next step. 2. Analysis After the entire factor has been identified, the company needs to analyze it one by one. At this analysis procedure, a company required an expert. A good expertise can analyze a complex problem and break it down in to a part. Then each part is able analyzed by them. The main goal is to determine a plan and solving the problem suitable to a company profile. If each factor analyzed in a good ways then it will be easier to determine the plan. In the end of this step is a planning together with its functional concept and technical field that will be applying for the future. The concept of analyzing it selves must be applied at all business sector without ignoring a little aspect. So that the entire process will be generating a good plan which suitable to company profile. 3. Planning The entire factors that has been analyzed needs to determine a plan. For an instance are the determining of who will handle each task in the process, how far the anticipation if there any problem and the availability of the resource. The right plan will make a company easier to run the system in the future. In a planning process a company needs to compare with their condition right now. The goal is to use all available resource maximally. Then when the implementation is running this problem will not contradict against the internal condition of the company. A good determination of a plan will make the process smoother. The plan to develop an enterprise computing is only the beginning of all steps. The company needs to run this process faster and to the point to reduce the time. There are several complex steps forward. 4. Implementation Implementation is the main step of all recommended stages. The implementation step essentially is applying all plans conducted before. In fact, implementation is the most complex step. However a company doesnt feel afraid to face it. The prerequisite are they already identified, analyzing and planning a good strategy for this. Then at the implementation step they will not face a big problem. The implementation step needs a tight attention so that each plan conducted can be doing smoothly. Diligence of all staff also required at this step to prevent any problem occur that can be disturbing when running the implementation it selves. 5. Running The next step after the implementation of enterprise computing is running the new system. This is the time for the new system to get tested. A good testing is a testing process that covering all details of the system. Then if there any defect found, it can revise faster. A good system is a system with a minimum defect but usually there is no perfect system. Suitable with the previous statement, a company should be investigating the system carefully for their own benefits in the future. A company needs to compare the new system with the old one so that if there is any useful part of old system, it can be applied to the new one to get supported. 6. Maintenance Maintenance phase is a right step to review the new system which has done. At this phase, it might be raising any unpredictable defect. The defect raised can be the bigger or just a little. If this thing happened, the company needs to make a right problem solving in a certain time so that the running system will not disturb with any revising system. A stability of a system is a dream for each company in the world and its might be a prestige to another company for them. A company may get an award if they invented a new system that running smoothly. When the system is running properly then a company will get benefit of doing the entire jobs. They are six steps that need to get special attention from the company in developing an enterprise computing system. A company required to run the entire steps in the right way, so the process of developing an enterprise computing system can be running smoothly and generate a good system in the end. When building the system all staff need to work together. The goal is to gather all information regarding to the current condition of a company. It was important because each staff have a different point of view that maybe conducted to be a good idea. Then when the system is ready to use, all staff will know how to run the system properly. In the end it might be not easy to develop an enterprise computing system but for the internal improvement of the company this method can be implementing to the current system. Conclusion Great improvement of doing all tasks means great result too. This is a dream for each company. Then how to turn the dream in to reality is depends on the system applied. The enterprise computing is the important method. Learning how to apply it might be not easy as the theory but at least the concept of it covered the main sector of a business. With enterprise computing all task done effective and produce a good result. Its only requires a few resources to run the system. It means that the company doesnt require pay too much for employees salary. At this point, it can be conclude that the company reduces the operational cost. There are other benefits of enterprise computing. They are figured that enterprise computing is very useful to improve the business performance. The main idea of enterprise computing is business agility. A business performance is very important in this case. The complexity of each task is needed to break into a part. It is why an enterprise computing is very important here. Enterprise computing is able to do each task effectively. With its capability of doing task effectively, an enterprise computing is suitable for any kind of business sector. Talking about business agility means that the company needs to always ready for the external changes. For an instance if there is any new technology which made their current system left behind, they must adapt the new system as soon as possible. It is because keep the system always update are necessary for the company so that the behavior of the system always adapt the new technology. Enterprise computing not only applicable for big scale business but also for small or intermediate business scale. The different might be only the form of a system development. It cant be denied that big scale business has more chance to develop an enterprise system in a good form. A big scale business has more resource and of course more expertise to analyze the problem occurred. However the smaller business scale has a chance too, even with their restricted resources. Both of them have a same opportunity to improve their business performance. The ideas of enterprise computing are applicable for them no matter about their level. It was their right to be more success on their business. marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-76733519305770387202020-01-18T08:22:00.001-08:002020-01-18T08:22:03.456-08:00Crime DataThese are criminal statistics from the year 2013. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (201 5), forty-eight percent of violent crimes were cleared and solved, sixty-four percent of murders were solved, and forty percent of all rape cases were solved. These criminal statistics are for the entire United States of America. With these national statistics, the Atlanta metropolitan area in Georgia and the metropolitan area of Tampa Bay in Florida are going to be compared and see where they stand among these statistics.The reported incidents in these areas will be compared; the rate of crimes in both areas will be compared, change in crime rates over time in both areas will be compared, and lastly the factors explaining the change in the crime rates of these areas will be explained. Twenty eight counties and The Atlanta Metropolitan Area is made up of twenty-nine counties and twenty-nine cities. The Atlanta Metropolitan area is the business capital in the southeastern part of th e United States. The area is 8,376 square miles (The Metro Atlanta Chamber Economic Development Division, N. D. ).The Tampa Bay Metropolitan Area consists of here major cities surround by a number of unincorporated cities: Tampa Bay, Clearwater and Saint Petersburg. The main counties are Citrus, Hernandez, Hillsboro, Emanate, Paso, Pinnacles, Polk, and Sarasota counties (Tampa Bay Partnership, 2015). Although these two cities have eleven professional sports team and three major NCAA colleges between the two of them, they are plagued with a criminal problem, much like every other popular city in the United States. The year 2013 in Atlanta, Georgia there was 3,405 aggravated assaults reported in this Atlanta metropolitan area.The Tampa Bay trampoline area had 1 ,523 reported aggravated assaults (The Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2015). This means Atlanta had reported 1,882 more incidents of aggravated assaults than what Tampa Bay did. The crime rate for assaults in Atlanta was two- hundred and thirty-seven assaults per 100,000 inhabitant of its metropolitan area. The crime rate for assaults in the Tampa metropolitan area was three-hundred and forty-three assaults per 1 00,000 inhabitants in this metropolitan area (The Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2015).It would seem the Atlanta metropolitan area would more ungenerous than the Tampa metropolitan area, but when you look at the numbers and break them down; Tampa is actually the more dangerous of the two according to the numbers. If a person would go back the past twelve or thirteen years, in Atlanta aggravated assaults have decreased greatly since the years 2000 and 2001. In 2001 the crime rate was two-hundred and ninety- nine per 100,000 inhabitant of its metropolitan area in slowly decreased year by year to the rate it is now (The Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2015)..Atlanta's decrease is not as drastic as what the Tampa metropolitan area rime aggravated assaults decline is. Tampa crime rate for aggravat ed assault was six-hundred and ;.NET-six assaults per 100,000 inhabitants down to almost half of that number now (The Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2015). If the crime rates in both these metropolitan areas steadily decreases, then they will thrive even more than what they are now. The factors explaining these statistics are the population sizes of these two metropolitan areas, the average age of its inhabitants, and average level of education of the population.The population size of Atlanta's metropolitan is 684,688 versus Tamps metropolitan area population which is 770, 162 (The Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2015). Atlanta metropolitan area is bigger than Tamps metropolitan area, but Tamps is heavier populated. The average age range in Atlanta is between thirty-two and forty-three years of age, and Tamps is between the ages of thirty-five and fifty-four. The level of education in both cities is a bachelor's degree of some kind. The trend is the driving forces in both metropo litan areas are the fortune five hundred companies in the area.The biggest one in Atlanta is CNN and in Tampa it is the Home Shopping Network. Throughout the years more people went out received an education and started making honest livings is the reason the drastic declination in the crime rates. In conclusion, the Atlanta and Tampa Bay metropolitan areas aggravated assaults were compared, the reported incidents in these areas was compared; the rate of crimes in both areas was compared, the change in crime rates over time in both areas was compared, and lastly the factors explaining the change in the crime rates of these areas was explained. marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-69583041570765795792020-01-10T04:45:00.001-08:002020-01-10T04:45:02.753-08:00Finding Americanah Essay Topics Finding Americanah Essay Topics To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's crucial to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the specific area of study. It's important to understand that essay topics are just basic ideas that leave you pondering a notion that might be a huge deal to somebody else. Therefore, you've got to locate enough substantial evidence for the specific topic. One other important element when picking a persuasive speech topic is to select a topic that could provoke your audience a little. If you can select the problem by yourself, it's possible to think of the issue of interest! You don't need to puzzle over an issue. There's a remarkable solution to your issue! Now, convince the people that there's an issue. Don't neglect to bring a strong hook at the beginning (introduction paragraph) and wind up with an impressive conclusion to create the reader want to go over the interesting persuasive essay topics of your selection. You may trust us to present expert assistance for many of your academic writing needs. In any case, the shortage of suitable grammar makes the listeners get rid of respect to the speaker. The issue is that everybody's interpretation of what makes a great society differs. The value of research in persuasive writing may not be overstated. The reality is that professors are bored with reading the very same stuff over and over again. In such a circumstance, a student must select a proper topic to write about. Facts, in the long run, will always win out against how folks are feeling at a specific moment. Life is far better than it was 50 decades ago. Things will occur if you continue to reside. Since you can see, lots of the topics listed are new and deal with the present issues happening in the World today. So, the best method to compose an amazing persuasive essay is to discover a theme you're familiarized with and wish to share your experience with the reader. In any case, direct and indirect quotes are required to support your understanding of academic writing style. You still have to make an outstanding bit of writing. To defend your subject, you might recall the effect of overloaded schedule on college grades. If you've ever taken an on-line class, you understand how different it can be from a standard face-to-face course. Then you're interested in figuring out how to compose persuasive paper. An argumentative paper is part of the persuasion. Here's What I Know About Americanah Essay Topics Argumentative essay topics are so important since they are debatableand it's vital to at all times be critically contemplating the world around us. Keep in mind, persuasive essay topics don't need to be politically correct all the moment, they may be controversial. Persuasive essays share a good deal of resemblance with argumentative essays. All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. Before actually beginning to compose your essay, you have to select an issue to write about. Most issues can have essays on all the above mentioned questions. Still, you must make your topic more specific. Qualities of a great persuasive essay topic The topic needs to be specific. Having selected a great topic to argue about, at this point you will need to make an argumentative essay outline. Anyway, below, you will find topic that are ideal for both situations. Selecting a great topic for your essay is among the most significant and frequently tricky parts for many students. Needless to say, topics which are still relevant in 2018 are the very best. marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-10514554011009347972020-01-02T01:10:00.001-08:002020-01-02T01:10:03.200-08:00Language Arts - 1055 Words Language and Art share many similar tendencies. In language, as with earlier forms of Art, representation plays a large role. Language acts as a representation of some elaborate envisioned concept(s), Writing as a representation of a sounded phonic language, and Art as a representation of some subject(s). Within these mediums exist elements that make Art and Language and, by extension, Writing successful. î ¢ese are the signifiers. î ¢e signifiers are built imperfectly, they summon up signs other than those intended based on frequency of usage, misusage and place contextually. î ¢ey are influenced by a multitude of extra-textual forces. It is from these axioms, that Structuralism and thence, Deconstructivism take form. Jacques Derridaâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Ã® ¢e essence remains ââ¬Ëwantingââ¬â¢ and exists always in some transcendental plane. Art and Philosophy aim to defamiliarise the viewer or reader to some established norm. Philosophy aims to describe things that are fundamental nature of ââ¬â¢knowledge, existence and ethicsââ¬â¢ (Websterââ¬â¢s Online Dictionary), things that are inherently difficult to explain in plain language. It is only through a complex system of resonance between signs that philosophy can be successful and hone the right tone of capturing a desired essence. î ¢e abandoned sired signs are leîâ to the side, defamiliarised and alienated to yield a complete perception of one concept at the sacrifice of several. F. S. Hussain / ENGL411. (Begley) / 1. Diffà ©rance as de-familiarisation (19th Feb. ââ¬â¢10) 3 Derridaââ¬â¢s essay, for example, wishes to point out how diffà ©rance in signs can point to something completely extra-textual. All of his references that he â⬠sacrificesâ⬠to produce a value of diffà ©rance are outside and pre-produced. In the same vein, Art wishes to hone the viewerââ¬â¢s attention to some smaller aspect of the larger canvas or something completely outside. Take Picassoââ¬â¢s 1937 painting La Guernica, the aesthetic aim was for the signifiers (the magnified Cubist heads) to signify the terror of the Spanish Civil War, an action completely extra-textual. 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What is the Alternative Hypothesis? There is a difference in mean WAVFT score between students who did not take the language art program and the students who did. What is (are) the Independent Variable(s)? The independent variable of this study is the language arts program. There are two levels: students who did take the language arts program, and students who did not take the language arts program. What is (are) the marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-37344882691542509892019-12-24T20:55:00.001-08:002019-12-24T20:55:02.986-08:00Isolation and Feelings in Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka Essay It appears that the people who care the most end up getting hurt by the ones they love. The more time, energy, love, and money that a person sometimes invests get thrown back in their face once something drastic happens. In turn, this causes feelings of worthlessness and isolation and can eventually lead to death. Franz Kafka understands this better than anyone else and can portray this in his novella, the Metamorphosis. In his novella, The Metamorphosis, the protagonist, Gregor Samsa is one who undergoes a physical and mental transformation due to the unrelenting pressures that his father placed upon him which eventually cause him to die. At the heart of the father-son relationship lies Gregor and his father whose relationship is exploredâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Both of their fathers are controlling, physically abusive, and overbearing. Kafkaââ¬â¢s father was able to rise out of his low place in order to start his own business while Samsaââ¬â¢s father sits around doing n othing and forcing Gregor to work in order to provide for the family (Introduction to Franz Kafka). From the start of The Metamorphosis until the end, Gregorââ¬â¢s father, Mr. Samsa treats Gregor with extreme harshness in the way he speaks to Gregor and the physical pain that he inflicts upon him. Even in the very first encounter with the newly transformed Gregor the fatherââ¬â¢s first reaction is unexpected. When he sees that Gregor is a bug, his reaction is one of disgust. This ââ¬Ëmonstrousââ¬â¢ creature that Gregor had become was a horrid sight for Mr. Samsa to see. ââ¬Å"The father was already knocking, gently, but with his fistâ⬠exerts the fact that Mr. Samsa was a bit manipulative (Kafka 9). The irony in this sentence is that he knocked gentle as to seem that he did not want to disturb Gregor. He then also made sure to use his fist as to show a sign of power and that he did not care if Gregor was ok but rather to make sure that he would get to work on time. 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Kafkaââ¬â¢s lifelong alienation intersects with his work where he draws on his personalRead MoreThe Existential Isolation And Biopsychological Change1519 Words à |à 7 PagesExistential Isolation and Biopsychological Change in The Metamorphosis and ââ¬Å"Letter to my Fatherâ⬠by Franz Kafka and Unwelcome Visitorsâ⬠by Tessa Farmer This literary and art analysis will define the correlation between the writings of Kafka and the installation art of Tessa Farmerââ¬â¢s in relation to the themes of existential isolation and biopsychological change. Gregorââ¬â¢s anxiety in The Metamorphosis is partially due to the alienation of society, which cases an existential period of isolation in whichRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1147 Words à |à 5 PagesPaul Kim Professor Teresa McCarty AP Language 27 October 2015 The Metamorphosis Franz Kafka led a life filled with struggles, particularly evident in his relationship with his father. His experiences and feelings in life are manifested throughout his writings, as the themes in his life dominate the themes of his works, especially so in his novella, The Metamorphosis. Through his extended metaphor of Samsa as a vermin, Kafka illustrates the family dynamic present throughout his life, that of his familyRead MoreFranz Kafka and Ismail Kadare861 Words à |à 4 PagesFranz Kafka and Ismail Kadare were two of the most extravagant storytellers of modern times. Franz Kafka wrote the short story, The Metamorphosis and Ismail Kadare wrote the novel, Broken April. In these two stories, there is a sense of sadness and darkness that both authorââ¬â¢s portrayed in them. The characterization between Gregor (from The Metamorphosis) and Gjorg (from Broken April) were actually similar in comparison. The similarities are isolation, loneliness, and their father figures. Neverth elessRead MoreSubconscious Rebellion in the Novel The Metamorphosis Essay940 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Metamorphosis, a novella by Franz Kafka, is about a man who has been transformed into a giant beetle overnight. This transformation is a form of rebellion that turns out to be a punishment for that rebellion. The Metamorphosis is a story of subconscious rebellion and isolation to avoid ones responsibilities. The story begins, When Gregor Samsa woke up one morning from unsettling dreams, he found himself changed in his bed into a monstrous vermin. (Kafka, 3) This is quite surprisingRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka Essay1496 Words à |à 6 Pagesââ¬Å"The metamorphosis,â⬠is a story by Franz Kafka, published in 1915 is a story divided in three chapters: transformation, acceptance, and the death of the protagonist. There are many interpretations that can form this tale as the indifference by the society that is concerned with different individuals, and isolation pushing some cases to the solitude. Some consider The Metamorphosis as an autobiography of the author, which tries to capture the loneliness and isolation that he felt at some pointRead More Mental Isolation in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis Essay1428 Words à |à 6 PagesMental Isolation in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis The metamorphosis very possibly was written by Kafka as an outlet for his feelings of isolation and helplessness. In it, the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, awakens one morning to find himself spontaneously transformed in his bed into a monstrous vermin. The story continues from there in a most realistic fashion: his family rejects him, and he stays cooped up in his room until he dies. Although interpretations of the story differ, my opinion isRead MoreFranz Kafka s The Metamorphosis1544 Words à |à 7 PagesFranz Kafka, struggled throughout his life with isolation, which is clearly a great influence and inspiration in his work, The Metamorphosis. Franz Kafka was born in 1883 to an upper middle class Jewish family in Prague. Kafka struggled with many problems in all facets of his life, most significantly in his his health, his relationships with the people in his life, and his relationship with work. Each of these problems contributed to his isolation, which is reflected in his character Gregor Samsaââ¬â¢sRead MoreIsolation In Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis1145 Words à |à 5 PagesSecluded From It All! Have you ever had that feeling that you were all alone or isolated from society? Many people deal with this unconscious feeling everyday. Having to go about your life everyday with this thought can be very depressing and can often lead to death. Just like the many people in the world, the main character, Gregor Samsa, also felt this way. Isolation refers to the situation of being alone and/or without others around. Due to his transformation, Gregor was immediately isolated unlike marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-9744551120924064002019-12-16T17:24:00.001-08:002019-12-16T17:24:06.483-08:00The Mayans Free Essays [pic] By Chandler Anschutz Standard to be covered by this project: Describe the diverse characteristics of early American Civilizations and societies in North, Central, and South America by comparing and contrasting the major aspects (government, religion, interactions with the environment, economy, and social life) of American Indian civilizations and societies such as the Maya, Aztec, Inca, Pueblo, and/or Eastern Woodland peoples. [pic] Rise and Fall of the Mayans The Maya people lived from 11,000 B. C. We will write a custom essay sample on The Mayans or any similar topic only for you Order Now to almost 1500 A. D. At 11,000 B. C. he first hunter-gatherers settle into the Maya Highlands. According to Mayans Long Count Calendar the creation of the world takes place in 3114-3113 B. C. In the year 2000 B. C. the Olmec civilization is on the rise, the root of many traditions in the Mayan Culture. 700 B. C. Maya people form a written language of a form of hieroglyphics. The Mayan script is logosyllabic combining about 550 logograms (which represent whole words) and 150 syllabograms (which represent syllables). There were also about 100 glyphs representing place names and the names of gods. Only about 300 of these glyphs were commonly used. In 300 B. C. the Mayans adopted the idea of a hierarchical society ruled by nobles and kings. The city of Teotihuacan is founded in 100 B. C. and becomes the center of culture, religion and trading in Mesoamerican for centuries. The Mayan people learned to farm the harsh tropical land. As populations grew, they adopted more intensive methods of cultivation including composting, terracing, and irrigation. They filled in swamps to creating fields and used silt and muck from bottomlands to fertilize enclosed gardens. Artificial ponds gave a place to hold fish, and corrals held deer and other game flushed from the forest. Their settlements grew into large city-states and with the city-states came large palaces and temples. They were very artistic; they made ceramics, murals, and sculptures. They understood the concept of zero and formed a very extensive hieroglyphic form of writing. Their year had 365 days to it and they even had made the leap year correction. They predicted solar eclipses, watched the stars, and even had their temples built so that at a certain time of year theyââ¬â¢d face the sunrise or sunset exactly. The Mayans were led by Maya Kings, who got their power from the gods. They were both priests, interpreting religion and as leaders in times of peace and war. These kings would perform public rituals giving metaphysical meaning to the movement of the heavens, changing calendars, and even royal succession. Besides the spiritual rituals the Maya cities functioned just as a normal city would trading, fighting, making alliances, and gaining/losing land. Waka, a Maya city had become a large center of trade. Goods like jade, obsidian, and pyrite even made it to the Mayans. Waka also had a tributary to the San Pedro, it was sheltered and had room to lodge large canoes. The Mayans also invented a type of flak jacket. It was a cotton vest, stuffed with rock salt. A guy by the name of Fire is Born led an army toward Waka in means to gain reinforcements. Fire is Born was sent to conquer Tikal. With his new found reinforcements from Waka it took him a week to reach Tikal and conquer them. Fire is Born became the cities new overlord. Following Fire is Bornââ¬â¢s take over of Tikal, Tikal itself started to expand. In the year 800 A. D. Cancun was overrun by invaders. These invaders took 31 royal hostages into the court yard, probably members of the royal family, and systematically decapitated every one of them. The king of Cancun was not spared, nor was his wife or children. The invaders took none of the riches or valuable items of the city, instead they defaced all of the monuments and toppled them face down. Almost every city was met by its end in this way or simply faded out of existence. Nobles abandoned palaces; even the homeless who had come to live in the palaces eventually abandoned them. The downfall of the Maya civilization can not be put of one simple yet terrible event. The collapse is due to many possible problems that could have damaged the empire. Resources grew scarce; kings with religious rituals lost their luster, leading instability and desperation to fuel destruction warfare. These problems may have been the cause of the fall of the Mayan civilization. There is not one exact known reason for the end of the Mayans and is for now still a mystery. |à [pic] |[pic]à |à [pic] à [pic] | |à IMIX |à IKââ¬â¢ |AKââ¬â¢BAL |Kââ¬â¢AN | |ee mesh |eekââ¬â¢ |ok bolà |kââ¬â¢ onà | |waterlily, world |wind |night-house |maize | |à [pic] |à [pic] |[pic]à |à [pic] | |à CHIKCHAN |à KIMI |MANIKââ¬â¢ |LAMAT | |cheek chon |kee me |ma neekââ¬â¢ |la motà | |snake |death |à hand |Venus | |[pic]à |à [pic] |à [pic] |[pic]à | |à MULUKââ¬â¢ |OK |à CHUEN |à EB | |mul okââ¬â¢ |akà |chew in |eb | |water |dog | monkey |tooth | |à [pic] |à [pic] |[pic]à |à [pic] | |BEN |IX |MEN |KIB | |benà |eeshà |menà |keebà | |reed |jaguar |eagle |soul | |à [pic] |à [pic] |à [pic] |[pic]à | |KABAN |ETZââ¬â¢NAB |KAWAK |AHAW | |kah bon |ehtsââ¬â¢ nobà |kah wokà |ah howà | |earthà |flint, knife |storm |Lord | These symbols were the symbols the Mayans used to represent the 20 days of their month. With each symbol are their Yucatec names, pronunciation and approximate translation. These are the Mayan words for units of time: Day = Kin (keen) Month of 20 days = Uinal (wee nal) Year of 360 days = Tun (toon) 20 Tuns = Kââ¬â¢atun (kââ¬â¢ ah toon) 20 Kââ¬â¢atuns = Baktun (bock toon) [pic] This is a picture of Hunab Ku. He is the supreme god of the Mayans religion. He is also the creator god. He is the Mayan equivalent for Greeks Zeus. Hunab Ku has power over the other gods. [pic] This is Cizin, the Mayan god of death. He would be a darker equivalent of the Greeks Hades. He requires a brutal sacrifice such of decapitation. Some of the religious rituals Maya Kings performed were sacrifices to this god to keep his wrath at bay. [pic] Kinich Ahau, the Mayan sun god. He brought the sun across the sky. He was an important god to the Mayans; they needed the sun to grow their crops. Sacrifices were also made to this particular god so heââ¬â¢d continue to bring the sun out. [pic] The Mayan god of rain and lightning, Chac, was also very important to the Maya. He brought rain to water the crops. Sacrifices were made to him to continue bringing the rain and to not use lightning against the Mayans. Chac played an important role in the Mayan religion. [pic] This is an ancient Mayan temple in Cancun. From the Mayan Classic Period, 300-900 A. D. this temple was used as a site for religious rituals. These rituals, performed by the king of the city, would have been sacrifices to the gods. Many gods were sacrificed to for the Mayans believed that the gods would be kind to them and help them if they had been sacrificed in return. [pic] This is a map of where the Maya Civilization lived. This part of the world is the southern end of Mexico and Guatemala. The sites shown on the map are locations of Mayan cities and villages. There were many of cities in Central America. [pic] This is a Mayan Ruins site. Itââ¬â¢s the site of Tikal, a great city. Fire is Born conquered this city just a week after gaining reinforcements at Waka. This city later went on the offensive and expanded. [pic] These are the ruins of Chichen Itza. Chichen Itza was a large city of the Mayans. The temple would have been of great religious importance. Many a sacrifice would have taken place within those walls. [pic] This is a temple from Uxmal, an ancient Mayan city. This temple would have been used as a religious place used for rituals and sacrifices. Mayans sacrificed people to the gods in return for peace and aid with whatever happened to be the problem at the moment. Bibliography â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"The Mayan Civilization Timeline. â⬠Mexconnect. 01 Jan 2008. Web. Jan 2010. . â⬠¢ Criscenzo, Jeeni. ââ¬Å"The Maya. â⬠The Maya. Web. 8 Jan 2010. . â⬠¢ Ager, Simon. ââ¬Å"Mayan Scipt. â⬠Omniglot. Web. 8 Jan 2010. . â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"The Mayan Calendar. â⬠Web Exhibits. IDEA, Web. 8 Jan 2010. . â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"The Mayas. â⬠Minnes ota State University. Web. 8 Jan 2010. . â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"The Mayas. â⬠Civilizations in America. Web. 8 Jan 2010. . â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"Mayan History Timeline. â⬠One World Journeys. Web. 8 Jan 2010. . â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"The Mayan History. â⬠Mayan Indians. Web. 8 Jan 2010. . â⬠¢ ââ¬Å"The Rise and Fall of the Mayan Empire. â⬠Science at NASA. Web. 8 Jan 2010. . â⬠¢ Gugliotta, Guy. ââ¬Å"Maya Rise and Fall. â⬠National Geographic. 01 Aug 2007. Web. 8 Jan 2010. . How to cite The Mayans, Papers marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-62851637335217742232019-12-08T14:08:00.001-08:002019-12-08T14:08:03.199-08:00Relation To Agreement Of Settling The Claim -Myassignmenthelp.Com Question: Discuss About The Relation To Agreement Of Settling The Claim? Answer: Introducation To establish before the court that a valid contract have been found between the parties it has to be shown that there was a valid offer and acceptance and there was intention on the part of the parties to legally binding other to the terms of the contract. The element of offer is an expression made by a person to another person in relation to the terms on which the contract is to be made. An offer is only valid in legal way if it is complete and is not an invitation to offer. Distinction between an offer and invitation to an offer has been in the case of Blackpool Flyde Aero Club v Blackpool Borough Council [1990] 3 All ER 25. The element of accounting is the willingness of the party to whom the offer has been made to abide by the terms of the offer in the exact sense which it has been made by the other person. This means that an acceptance must be comprehensively in compliance towards the provision stated in the offer. These provisions have been discussed in the case of Bressan v Squires [1974] 2 NSWLR 460 . The element of acceptance is only constituted when it has been adequately communicated to the person who has made the offer. Unless this communication is completed a contract cannot be formed. Another very important element this needs to be established before the court in relation to a contract is the intention of the party to bind each other to its terms in a legal manner. In any commercial agreement it is deemed at the parties have intention to create a legal obligation as stated in the case of Merritt v Merritt [1970] EWCA Civ 6. However there is a deemed presumption that there is no intention of creating a legal obligation in domestic relationship although this resumption can be rebutted as provided in the case of Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571. In the case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company (1893) 1 QB 256 it had been ruled by the court that whether the intention of creating a legal obligation is present or not is to be derived by the court in an objective way. Thus, derivation is done through the application of a test popularly known as the objective test. In this test a reasonable person in casse induced by the terms of the offer to get into a contract it is established that the person making the offer had intention to create a legal obligation. Application The case study provides us that Timbo operates a successful graphic design business based in Camperdown and in order to expand his business is looking for an employee who would have experience in graphic designing. He had received notification from his nephew Samuels that he would like to move to Sydney and being delighted with this news he told him about the employment opportunity in his graphic design business. There were several agreements which took between them in relation to moving cost and salary. However it was stated by Timbo that as they have a relationship of nephew and uncle there was no need to involve Legal procedures. According to the above discussed cases although there is no intention of creating a legal obligation in a domestic agreement the presumption can be rebutted. Therefore in order to established that there was a contract between Timbu and Samuel the rebuttal has to be established. This rebuttal can be established through the application of the objective test as provided in the case of Carlill. Any reasonable person in the given situation would have a consideration that there is intention on the part of Timbo to get into a legal obligation for the employment contract. In addition although there was no legal formalities involved in this contract a message was sent by Timbo to Samuel stating the terms of the contract. These terms had been duly accepted by Samuel through the message. Therefore the elements of a valid offer and acceptance have been satisfied in this case. Thus from the above discussion it is clear that as there was a valid offer and acceptance along with an intention to create a legal obligation there is a contract between Timbo and Samuel. Samuel has also in relation to the contract sold his house. The rules in relation to the present situation can be best described through the application of the landmark case of Pinnel's Case (1602) 5 CoRep 117a . In this case it had been expressly stated by the court that making Part consideration is not a good consideration. This means that if a person is liable to pay $100 to another person and instead pays $50 in full settlement of the debt there is nothing in law which can prevent the other person from claiming the other $50 as there was no consideration which was provided by the first person for settling the dues in a lesser amount. In addition the first person already had an obligation to repay the full amount of debt to the other person. Therefore a part consideration is not considered as a good consideration. These principles have also been discussed in the case of Stilk v Myrick (1809) where it was stated by the court that a creditor has to be protected from an economic duress done by the debtor. The principles of this case have also been affirmed in the case of Foakes v Beer (1884) 9 App Cas 605 by the house of Lords. In this case the plaintiff was able to obtain a judgement in relation to a debt against the defendant who was asked subsequently to pay the remaining amount. In this case the plaintiff had agreed that no legal action would be taken by him if the defendant pays her $500 immediately and the remaining money in instalments. It was held by the court that the new agreement between the parties is not valid as there is no consideration provided by the defendant to the plaintiff in relation to not taking any further legal actions. Few more cases where the concept of the dash case have been performed by the court are the case of Ferguson v Davies (1996) and Re C (a Debtor) [1996] BPLR 535. However there are some exceptions to this rule. In the case of Hirachand Punamchand v Temple [1911] 2 KB 330 a father had paid lesser amount to another person for the purpose of settling the debt owed by his son in totality. The money lender however sued for the remaining balance. It was held by the court that this part payment was a reasonable consideration and if the claim of the money lender is allowed it would be a fraud in relation to the father. The doctrine of promissory estoppel also works as an exception to the Pinnel case. According to the doctrine means are provided for the purpose of making a promise binding on the parties even in situation where consideration is absent. This concept had been provided in the case of Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd [1947] 1 KB 130. However the doctrine of promissory estoppel only applicable when it is in the ends of Justice and otherwise the penal rule prevails in contractual transaction. In the given situation it has been provided that Timbo had the duty of paying $15,000 to Samuel as he has agreed to pay all the moving cost incurred by Samuel in relation to moving to Sydney. However it has been provided in the situation that Timbo had requested samual to take only $5,000 instead of $15,000 and settle the claim as he was not able to pay the remaining $10,000 because of his poor financial condition. Subsequently Samuel accepted $5,000 as a full settlement of his debt from Timbo. However the financial condition of Timbo enhanced as the business became profitable. In this given situation according to the provisions of the pinnel case Samuel have all the right to reclaim the remaining $10,000 is entitled to get from Timbo. This is because a part consideration is not considered as a good consideration. The same situation had happened before as discussed in the case of Foakes and Stilk. Thus taking into consideration the provisions of such cases Timbo is liable to pay the remaining amount to Samuel as there was no consideration provided by him in relation to the agreement of settling the claim. In addition the exceptions discussed above are not applicable to this case as it is not in the ends of justice to prevent Samuel from calming the remaining $10,000 and there is no third party involved in the situation. Conclusion Samuel has the right to claim $10,000 from Timbo References Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd [1947] business-law Hirachand Punamchand v Temple [1911] 2 KB 330 Ferguson v Davies (1996)and Re C (a Debtor) [1996] BPLR 535 Foakes v Beer (1884) 9 App Cas 605 Stilk v Myrick (1809) Pinnel's Case (1602) 5 CoRep 117a Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571. Merritt v Merritt [1970] EWCA Civ 6. Bressan v Squires [1974] 2 NSWLR 460 . Blackpool Flyde Aero Club v Blackpool Borough economics [1990] 3 All ER 25. marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-26418571797033403852019-12-01T01:50:00.001-08:002019-12-01T01:50:03.712-08:00Reflective Account on Communication free essay sample Communication is very important in order to express needs and emotions. There are two types of communication, verbal and non-verbal, both of which are important in understanding and supporting someone. This report is based on a 40 year old lady that finds verbal communication hard, due to shyness. She also has bipolar and cerbal-palsey. The communication barrier I have with AB is she is finding speaking to me other then yes, no and donââ¬â¢t know very hard. She is shy and timid. AB does not engage in conversation easily. I believe that it is important to find way of communicate as it is the way we express needs and emotions. I chose to read her care plan and all records held at her property, written by other support workers and other professions working with AB. I did this so I would be aware what others have found to work or not and what is the type of communication AB chooses to use. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Account on Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is also a good way of communicate between staff that work with AB and it will ensure consistency of care for her. From reading this information I discovered that AB needs to build a relationship with a person before she is able to communication or make eye contact, these can take a long time when you are only present for short periods. I am working on building a good relationship with AB at present. I show an interest in her life, her family and other things that I have read see is interested in, or been doing. I always ask her if she knows what she would like to do each day. I will continue to read diary each visit. I also discovered that the way that I approach her is very important, so I always approach AB with a very positive attitude and always reminding AB that I am there to support her. The barriers to communication between myself and AB is that she is able to verbally commute but is choosing not to speak to me, more than one word answers and speaks very quietly. I am trying to over come this barrier by stop doing what i am doing to make sure that I am giving AB my full attention, listening carefully and showing interest in her. Most of the time AB is happy to make short answers to questions. If AB is then not happy to communicate with me, I remind AB that I am there to support her and will be here to talk to if she so chooses, as it is her choice. I also watch the type of body language that AB is using to help work out how she is feeling about the situation. AB does also have picture cards to help her to commute, but choose not to use them. I can check that she has understood what I have aid I by observing her reactions and short answers AB give. By always reminding and allowing AB to make her own choices and respecting her wishes to communicate with me or not I am working in a way to prevent discrimination. Reflecting on how I communicated with AB, I believe that I worked to the best of my knowledge at the time, but by doing some research I could find other ways of opening communication lines and I need to watch out more for body language signs, about the way AB is feeling. Having notes from other people about what they have tried and how they have worked or not, helps me know what things that might help get the lines of communication open and what things to research. There are many people that are working with or have a relationship AB, that I could ask for support and advise like: speech and language therapies, family members, friends, GP, district nurse, other support works. These people have different understands of ABââ¬â¢s needs and knowledge of supporting individuals with communication barriers. These people may have new ways of supporting and developing communication. It is important that any information that is shared is in AB best interest and with her knowledge. All information that is stored about AB is covered by the Data protection act 1998, which stated that it is to be kept secure. My company also have a policy in accords the governmentââ¬â¢s guideline, confidentially of personal information 1988. marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-87448128245981769202019-11-26T11:08:00.001-08:002019-11-26T11:08:06.206-08:00ADOLF HITLER Essays (1835 words) - Nazi Germany, PoliticsADOLF HITLER Essays (1835 words) - Nazi Germany, Politics ADOLF HITLER ADOLF HITLER 1. THE BEGINNING At half past six on the evening of April 20th, 1889 a child was born in the small town of Branau, Austria. The name of the child was Adolf Hitler. He was the son a Customs official Alois Hitler, and his third wife Klara. As a young boy Adolf attendated church regulary and sang in the local choir. One day he carved a symbol into the bench which resembled the Swastika he later used as the symbol of the Nazi party. He was a pretty good student. He received good marks in most of his classes. However in his last year of school he failed German and Mathematics, and only succeeded in Gym and Drawing. He drooped out of school at the age of 16, spending a total of 10 years in school. From childhood one it was his dream to become an artist or architect. He was not a bad artist, as his surviving paintings and drawings show but he never showed any originality or creative imagination. To fullfil his dream he had moved to Vienna the capital of Austria where the Academy of arts was located. He failed the first time he tried to get admission and in the next year, 1907 he tried again and was very sure of success. To his surprise he failed again. In fact the Dean of the academy was not very impressed with his performance, and gave him a really hard time and said to him "You will never be painter." The rejection really crushed him as he now reached a dead end. He could not apply to the school of architecture as he had no high-school diploma. During the next 35 years of his live the young man never forgot the rejection he received in the dean's office that day. Many Historians like to speculate what would have happened IF.... perhaps the small town boy would have had a bit more talent....or IF the Dean had been a little less critical, the world might have been spared the nightmare into which this boy was eventually to plunge it. 2. WORLD WAR I While living in Vienna Hitler he made his living by drawing small pictures of famous landmarks which he sold as post cards. But he was always poor. He was also a regular reader of a small paper which claimed that the Araban race was superior to all and was destined to rule the world. The paper blamed Communists and Jews for all their problems and hitler agreed to those views. Hitler agree with most of the points made in the publication. He continued to live a poor live in Vienna and in 1913 decided to move to Munich. Still living in Vienna and being Austrain by birth, Hitler showed more loyalty to the Geramny. He thought that the Aryan race was destined to rule the world. Many believe that he tried to escape the draft but it was never proven. His live in Munich was not much better then before and he continued to be poor. Then in 1914 World War I broke out and Hitler saw this as a great opportunity to show his loyalty to the "fatherland" by volunteering for the Imperial army. He did not want to fight in the Austrian Army. Hitler was a good soldier. Many of political opponents claimed that he was a coward but records clearly show that he was not. He received to awards of bravery but never achieved a high Rank. In 1918 Germany surrendered and Hitler was very upset about the loss. He believed that it was the Jews and the Communists who betrayed the "fatherland" and it was here that his disliking of the Jews most likely began. Germany after the war was in chaos. With no real Government to control the country, many groups tried to take control. One day a big communist group staged a big riot but another group of ex-soldiers including Hitler managed to hold them back. 3. THE NAZI PARTY Since there were not many chances for employment Hitler stayed in the army. Hitler was assigned the job of going go to various meetings of groups which sprang up like mushrooms and to report on them. One day September 12, 1919 - a fateful day in history, Hitler was sent to investigate a small group which called itself the "German Workers Party". Hitler was not to happy about his assignment. He thought it wouldn't be worth it to even go. At the group mainly talked marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-61154725970464611892019-11-22T18:31:00.001-08:002019-11-22T18:31:05.490-08:00What is a Federal Perkins Loan How Do You Get OneWhat is a Federal Perkins Loan How Do You Get One SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips There are a lot of great federal aid options out there, for every type of student. The Perkins loan may just be one of many types of federal loans, but it comes with a lot of perks that make it worth an in-depth look.I'll go through all the information you need about this loan program, before telling you how to get your own Perkins loan. What Is the Perkins Loan? Like the Direct Subsidized and Direct Unsubsidized programs, Perkins are government-backed, low-interest loans that are meant to help students pay for school. Certain federal aid programs don't require students to demonstrate financial need as an eligibility requirement, like Direct Unsubsidized loans. The Perkins is meant for students who demonstrate exceptional financial need, however; as such, there are some extra perks built into the loans. Before I talk about some of the benefits of the Perkins loans, I'll talk briefly about how loans usually work. Then, I'll go into more Perkins loans details, and explain how this loan program differs from the norm. What It Means to Take Out a Loan When you take out a loan, by definition, you're borrowing a sum of money (a principle) from a person or institution (a lender), with the promise that you'll pay this money back at a later date. You'll likely also agree to repay extra money in addition to the principle (interest), over a certain time period (the length of the loan). People usually pay back their student loans by making monthly payments after they graduate. A part of the payment covers accrued (accumulated) interest, whereas the rest of it goes towards paying back the principle. Interest accrues on your loan at a certain rate, usually starting when the loan amount is given out to you (disbursed). The higher your interest rate, and the longer it takes you to pay back your loan, the more interest will accrue. Standard repayment terms for federal student loans (unless the loans are quite small) are 120 monthly payments, or 10 years. Finally, interest can also capitalize, or be added to your principle amount. What this ultimately means is that interest is now accruing on a new, larger principle; the bigger the principle, the more interest will accrue. The rate of capitalization depends on your loan, but some student loans capitalize at graduation. As you might have deduced by now, one method of saving money on your loans is to minimize the amount of interest that accrues and/or capitalizes. You'll see in the next section why Perkins loans make this process a little bit easier on student borrowers. Interest may just come to pennies a day, but it can add up to a significant amount over time. What's Unique About Federal Perkins Loans? In the previous section, I noted that interest usually starts accruing when the loan is disbursed. If I take out a loan my freshman fall, interest will accrue through all 4 years of college. When I graduate, I'll owe my principle + 4 years of interest - and depending on the type of loan, this interest may capitalize when I graduate. With Federal Perkins loans, you won't see any interest accrue while you're in school, during grace period, or during a period of deferment. The grace period for a Perkins loan is also a bit longer than the standard: 9 months vs. 6 months, which means another 3 months of no interest post-graduation. Here's an example of how loan repayment might play out. In this example, I have both a Perkins loan and an unsubsidized loan, both disbursed at the beginning of my freshman year. Even though the interest rate is higher for the Perkins loan, you end up paying out a lot more for the unsubsidized loan: Perkins Loan Unsubsidized Loan Interest Rate 5% 4.29% Principle $5,000 $5,000 Balance Due 6 Months Post Graduation $5,000 $5,911 Monthly payment (based on standard 120 month repayment) $53.03 $60.66 Total Amount Paid $6,363.60 $7,279.2 Finally, and perhaps most excitingly, Perkins loans give students the option of loan cancellation or loan forgiveness if they pursue particular job or careerpaths. If you play your cards right, you could walk away without owing any money on your loans. I'll talk more about loan cancellation in the next section. Loan Details The Perkins loan interest rate is currently at 5%, which is only slightly higher than interest rates on Direct Unsubsidized and Direct Subsidized loans. Like I mentioned in the previous section, interest does not accrue during school, grace periods, or deferment periods. There are no other loan fees. Loan money is applied directly to school-related charges (tuition, fees, and on-campus room and board). If there is any money left over after the loan is applied to these charges, you'll receive a refund from your school. You can use this money on any other school-related costs (e.g. transportation, books, personal expenses). Repayment You have 9 months after you leave school, graduate, or drop below half-time status before you have to start making monthly payments on your loan. The standard federal loan repayment option has borrowers making 120 monthly payments (10 years) to pay off the loan in full. Loan Cancellation Cancellation sounds like it would be a bad thing, but when it comes to student loans, cancellation arguably the best thing that can happen. Your Perkins loan debt could be wiped, or canceled, in part or in full if you spend time working in particular fields. There are many different situations that could make you eligible for loan cancellation.Examples of cancellation-eligible positions include law enforcement officer or firefighter, teacher, nurse, medical technician, and even attorney. Factors such as your length of employment, the area you're working in (e.g. if you're serving low-income communities), and the demand for certain services (e.g. if there's a higher demand for teachers in certain subjects) could all affect how much loan cancellation you're eligible for. Working in a cancellation-eligible job would constitute a period of deferment, so no interest would accrue! You can apply for Perkins loan cancellation through your school, or your school's loan servicer.Don't ever assume that your loans will be eligible for cancellation; run everything by your school's financial aid office first, and don't stop making payments until your loan is officially deferred. Loan cancellation won't be right for everybody, but it's a great debt-erasing option for people interested in certain career paths. Perkins Loan Eligibility and Limits As great as the Perkins details sound (especially with the possibility of cancellation), there are unfortunately some eligibility restrictions and limits to keep in mind. In order to be eligible for a Perkins loan, you must: Meet basic federal aid requirements (learn more about these requirements here) Be an undergraduate, graduate, or professional student enrolled in a participating school Demonstrate "exceptional" financial need. Perkins loan borrowers are typically from low-income families; 30% of families with dependent students who took out Perkins loans in 2012 made less than $30,000. The amount of money you can take out in Perkins loans depends on (1) your financial need, and (2) how much money your school can lend. Not everyone who meets basic eligibility requirements will receive Perkins loan options. As such, it's difficult to estimate ahead of time how much money you'll get through the Perkins loan program. Although there's not much you can do to estimate your Perkins loan amount, you can keep loan limits and averages in mind: Maximum undergraduate annual amount: $5,500 Maximum undergraduate lifetime amount: $27,500 Maxiumum graduate annual amount: $8,000 Maximum graduate lifetime amount (includes any undergraduate Perkins loans): $60,000 The average new Perkins loan award is about $2,000, much lower than the annual limits for both undergrads and graduate students. How to Apply Perkins loans sound like pretty good options, right? You can apply for Perkins loans by submitting a Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. The application isn't just for Perkins loans - when you submit a FAFSA, you're also considered for Pell Grants and other federal loans. You can get step-by-step instructions for submitting a FAFSA here. Although Perkins loans are government-backed, your Perkins loan lender would be your school, not the US government. Because schools need to have a certain amount of available funds in order to offer these loans to students,not all schools participate in the Perkins loan program. You can find out if a school offers Perkins loans by contacting its financial aid office. As you might have expected, Perkins loan funds tend to be limited, and often run out before the official FAFSA deadline. In order to optimize your chances of getting a Perkins loan, try to submit your FASFA early in the spring semester for the next academic year. For example, if you'd like aid for the 2016-2017 academic year, plan on submitting your FAFSA in January or February of 2016. What's Next? Perkins loans aren't the only federal loans with competitive interest rates. Check out our guide comparing Direct Subsidized and Direct Unsubsidized loans. As great as low interest rates sound, even with the possibility of loan cancellation, there's something even better than money you have to pay back: free money. Learn more about Pell Grants here. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-81253686525267151392019-11-21T01:54:00.001-08:002019-11-21T01:54:04.736-08:00Why plagiarism increases in schools and universities around the UK EssayWhy plagiarism increases in schools and universities around the UK - Essay Example Some of the reasons why plagiarism is rising in that manner are explained in this essay. One of the reasons for the increase of plagiarism in universities and schools around UK is the easy access of the internet (Watkins, 2008). There are various tools such as Google that students use to conduct their research and get access to information and ideas that can be used to complete assignments and research projects. However, such research tools have contributed to plagiarism increase across the UK because it enables learners to copy information from the internet. It is difficult to spot this form of plagiarism and cannot be identified manually. Indeed, there is a ââ¬Å"significant, negative influence on the rate of plagiarism due to the internetâ⬠(Ison, 2014). The internet is therefore a significant cause of increasing plagiarism in most universities and schools around UK. Online education is also a significant contributor of plagiarism on the internet platform. Ison (2014) argues that online coursework or online education which is common in various institutions in UK causes a great temptation for students to plagiarize than the brick-and-mortar form of education. Online education allows students to stay on the internet for a long time, tempting them to search through various websites for information that can enable them to complete their online assignments easily. Furthermore, there is limited supervision in online studies because the student and the lecturer operate from different places and the lecturer cannot supervise the student directly. marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-61379982865804757832019-11-19T10:09:00.001-08:002019-11-19T10:09:02.672-08:00Classics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsClassics - Essay Example When the Athenians reached Melos they sent envoys to offer a proposition to the Melians. During the dialogue this proposition becomes clear. The Melians, instead of allowing the Athenian envoys to make their proposition in front of all the people of Melos, brought them before the Magistrate and the Few, giving the reason that if the Athenians come as judges in their own right, then they should be brought before those who themselves hold a judging position of what is right. However, the Athenians state that they believe the Melians to have requested a quiet audience so that they may not influence the inhabitants of Melos, this they do not mind and go about setting out their proposition. Here, we see the subtleties of politics during this era and how important the masses were in determining what happens during the war. The Melians afraid that their people would choose submission has employed a more covertness means of debate; thus, denying the people of Melos to choose their fate. The Melians see only two ways either they submit to Athenian rule and become slaves or they go to war and hope to win. However, the Athenians declare that the Melians are not completely right in their assumptions; for, the most important thing is to preserve the island of Melos. The only way to do this is to submit to Athenian rule, becoming a tributary of the Athenian empire but being left alone to carry on as before, preserving their culture and ways of living. They indicate that this would be an advantage to both parties; for, the Melians retain the safety and preservation of their country and the Athenians need not make war against them. The Melians state that they do not comprehend why they cannot remain neutral, taking neither side but being friends to Athens. The Athenians explain that if they leave Melos to remain neutral the people of the Athenian empire will either believe Melos to be very powerful or the Athenians marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-64062453708198716432019-11-16T22:40:00.001-08:002019-11-16T22:40:04.255-08:00Woolworths Case Study Draft Essay Example for Free Woolworths Case Study Draft Essay Part 1: Goodwill and Discontinued Operations a) Carrying value of goodwill 24 June 2012 The carrying value of goodwill in Woolworthââ¬â¢s consolidated financial statements was $3221.8 Million (M) at 24 June 2012. This figure is included within ââ¬Ëintangible assetsââ¬â¢ on the consolidated balance sheet and exact amount is disclosed in the Note 11 of Notes to consolidated financial statements (Woolworths 2012, p 126). b) Movements in carrying value of goodwill The carrying value of goodwill at the beginning of the period was $3227.7M (Woolworths 2012, p 126). An additional $42.1M was recognised throughout the year due to additional acquisition of businesses, with less . 5M for disposals and $0.7M for other expenses. Woolworths also recognised an impairment loss of $70.6M for the year. There was also an effect of movements in foreign exchange rates of $24.8M, which resulted in a carrying amount of $3221.8million at the end of the period (Woolworths 2012, p 126). c) Impairment loss on goodwill i) Impairment loss on Goodwill at 24 June 2012 was $70.6M. ii) Woolworthââ¬â¢s accounting policy with respect to impairment testing of goodwill is consistent with AASB 139 Intangible Assets. Note 11 (Woolworths 2012, p 126) specifically states that intangible assets (such as goodwill) with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually and when there is indication that the asset may be impaired, the impairment loss is recognised when the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. Recoverable amount is further defined to be the higher of fair value less cost to sell and value in use. iii) Impairment loss on goodwill was a result of Woolworthââ¬â¢s announcement to restructure and divest the Consumer Electronics Business. The amount is also disclosed as ââ¬Ëdiscontinued operationsââ¬â¢ in Note 33 (Woolworths 2012, p 96) for $366.2M. AASB 5.32 defined discontinued operations to be a part of an entity that represents a separate line, or part, of business or geographical area or subsidiary acquired exclusively for resale that had been disposed or classified as held for sale. A separate line item from continuing operations is required as a single figure disclosed in statement of comprehensive income or Notes. iv) The fair value less costs to sell figure of $420M (Woolworths 2012, p 174) includes impairment loss, restructuring provisions relating to goodwill, inventory, plant property and equipment, and lease exit costs. Since the impairment loss attributed to goodwill was $70.6M. Hence (420-70.6M) = $349.4M is attributable to fair value losses related to netà assets. Since held for sale assets disclosed in the Balance sheet (Woolworths 2012, p 99) is $376.7M, the net assets prior recognising the loss would have approximately been (349.4+376.7M) $726.1M, assuming that transaction costs and lease exit costs are negligible. v) The Dick Smith Electronics brand and stores were sold for $20M (Janda 2012). As the held for sale assets was recognised to be $376.7M, the net loss Woolworths would recognise is (376.7-20) $356.7M in the 2012-2013 financial period. Part 2: Investments in controlled entities a) Woolworths Limited group structure b) Non-controlling interest The carrying dollar value of the non-controlling interest (NCI) in Woolworths Limited as at 24 June 2012 was $258.1 million (Woolworths 2012, p 103). This NCI is the dollar amount of the combined equity interests in the parent companys subsidiaries not owned by the parent. When interviewed in 2013 Professor Chris Nobes confirmed that the figure also represented the profits made by NCIââ¬â¢s that have not yet been allocated to them. The respective NCI for the Woolworths Limited group applies to the external equity interests held in Woolworths Limiteds subsidiaries of ALH Group Pty Ltd, Australian Independent Retailers Pty Ltd, Bergam Pty Limited, Hydrox Holdings Pty Ltd and Statewide Independent Wholesalers Limited (Woolworths 2012, p 164-167). Woolworths Limiteds annual report is not useful for non-controlling shareholders. The reason for this is the information regarding NCI is aggregated as it combines all the information from separate subsidiaries with NCIs into combined figures which cannot be separated by a shareholder. It may then be argued that information regarding NCI should be more detailed however when interviewed in 2013 Professor Chris Nobes suggested that non-controlling shareholders should only be interested in the reports of their subsidiary as they are more detailed. Fortunately there are separate financial statements available for the subsidiaries with non-controlling interests. The reason for this is that the class action, ASIC Class Order 98/1418, exempting some subsidiaries from reporting requirements only pertains to wholly-owned subsidiaries (Woolworths 2012, p. 168). Therefore separate financial statements are available for subsidiaries of Woolworths Limited that have non-controlling interests. c) AASB 3.19 The Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) (2010, para 19) gives controlling entities a choice between measuring the non-controlling interest (NCI) using the 100% method or the proportionate method. The proportionate method does not assign goodwill to the NCI as it relates to the subsidiarys net identifiable assets. In comparison the 100% method requires the non-controlling interest to be measured at its fair value which includes goodwill. One reason an entity may prefer to use the proportionate method is that it does not require a calculation of fair value for the NCI. The calculation of fair value for the NCI may be difficult in circumstances where an active market does not exist. Using Woolworths Limiteds annual report we can gather information relating to which method they chose to use. Their significant accounting policies relating to goodwill state that goodwill represents the difference between the cost of the acquisition and the fairà value of the net identifiable assets acquired (Woolworths Limited 2012, p 108). Therefore this policy describes the same process for identifying goodwill as the process used in the proportionate method and it may be concluded that Woolworths is using the proportionate method. The issues regarding the choice between the two methods are interesting. The choice seems to be more beneficial for the parent entity rather than the NCI as a company such as Woolworths Limited may choose to consistently use the proportionate method. This may misrepresent the value of the NCI to be lower as this method does not have a goodwill component for the NCI which the 100% method often has. Therefore the disclosures under the proportionate method made by Woolworths Limited regarding the NCI values could be undervalued. When interviewed in 2013 Professor Chris Nobes suggested that the choice between the two methods may affect comparability of financial statements. This point is reiterated by the International Accounting Standards Board (2012, para BC210). A further issue according to the International Accounting Standards Board (2012, para BC213) is that the 100% method is more expensive to use which is one key reason for the inclusion of the proportionate method. Using all these arguments one can see that there are many perspectives about which method is better and whether a choice should have been included in the standard. Still we should not be too concerned as Professor Chris Nobes confirms in his 2013 interview that not many business acquisitions have NCI components or they have an insignificant NCI component and therefore the issue of choice under AASB 3.19 is small. Part 3: Segment note a) Reportable segments Woolworths (2012) has identified five reportable segments related to continuing operations according to AASB 8.13. Each reporting segment is managed separately due to the varying products and services they offer, as well as the requirement of ââ¬Ëdifferent technology and marketing strategiesââ¬â¢ (Woolworths 2012, p 119) of each business unit. The reportable segments are split into two categories of Retail Operations and Hotels, with the former comprising of Australian Food Liquor, New Zealand Supermarkets, Petrol and Big W. As at 24 June 2012, the Australian Food Liquor segment comprised of 872 Australian supermarkets, totalling approximately 6.52% of total EBIT, and 160 Dan Murphy Liquor stores (Woolworths 2012). The Woolworths convenience liquor businesses; BWS and Woolworths Liquor are also included within the segment. This segment relies heavily on consumer confidence levels as the bulk of the sales stems from general groceries found at the supermarket as an alternative to fast food outlets that offer more affordable meal options. Similarly, the New Zealand Supermarkets segment specialises in the ââ¬Ëprocurement of Food and Liquor and products for resale to customers in New Zealandââ¬â¢ (Woolworths 2012, p 119). The ââ¬ËCountdownââ¬â¢ supermarkets operate in the same way as the Woolworths supermarkets in Australia, with a total of 161 supermarkets opened across the country as at June 24 2012. In the Petrol segment, the ââ¬Ëprocurement of Petroleum products for resale to customers in Australiaââ¬â¢ (Woolworths 2012, p 119) is categorised through the Woolworths/Caltex alliance sites. This segment, coupled with the Big W segment, ; the ââ¬Ëprocurement of discount general merchandise products for resale to customers in Australiaââ¬â¢ (Woolworths 2012, p 119) round off the reportable retail operations segments as the smallest, bearing not as big influence as the supermarket segments in relation to the group. Furthermore, the hotels segment is heavily affiliated with the liquor stores and supermarkets, as they provide leisure and hospitality services including alcohol and food, as well as gaming and accommodation. There are 294 hotel venues in operation as at June 24 2012, with Dan Murphyââ¬â¢s and BWS stores affiliated with over 500 hotels in total. b) Investment analysis When determining the ââ¬Ëbetterââ¬â¢ investment between Woolworths Limited and Wesfarmers Limited amidst volatilities in the New Zealand economy and Australian groceries, liquor and petrol sectors, it is important not to make direct comparisons between the two companies encompassing different segment disclosure methods despite the compliance with AASB 8. Woolworths has identified New Zealand Supermarkets as a reportable segment, presenting comprehensive revenue data including other operating revenue and inter-segment revenue. Contrastingly, Wesfarmers does not comply with AASB 8.23 a) and b) by only disclosing the New Zealand revenue by geographical location. Nevertheless, assuming that the sales to customers was used by both companies, the following revenue calculations were calculated since the previous year: Comparability between the competing companies becomes increasingly difficult when analysing the investment in relation to the volatile groceries, liquor and petrol sectors. Whilst Woolworths identified the Australian Food Liquor and Petrol business units as different reportable segments, Wesfarmers grouped this financial information under ââ¬ËColesââ¬â¢. The information regarding the allocation of revenues between operating units for Wesfarmers is not provided, hampering an ethical investing choice for external users. Despite the reporting issues, a revenue analysis was conducted in order to determine the most profitable company. Since the Coles segment was determined by a sum of undisclosed food, liquor, hotels, convenience and petrol data, the following analysis used Woolworths as a sum of its same divisions: Though abiding by AASB 8, Wesfarmers disclosed as little information as possible. It is clear that Wesfarmers possesses a fear of disclosure, and would rather present aggregated data in order to hide potential informationà about risk, losses and debt levels for a particular Company 2012 $A revenue (millions) 2011 $A revenue (millions) $A change (millions) % change Woolworths 4301.8 4110.5 191.3 4.654% Wesfarmers 1283 1174 109 9.2845% Company Segment Revenue 2012 (millions) Segment Revenue 2011 (millions) Segment EBIT 2012 (millions) Segment EBIT 2011 (millions) % change in segment Revenue % change in segment EBIT Woolworths 45,815.6 43,478.4 3140 2980.2 5.34% 5.36% Coles 34,117 32,073 1356 1166 6.373% 16.3% segment. However, when removing segment reporting variability between the two companies, it is clear that greater growth opportunities exists for Wesfarmers, and is therefore the recommended investment. c) AASB 8 non-disclosures i) Despite clear disclosure of revenue for its reportable segments, Woolworths did not disclose its segment assets and segment liabilities. Therefore, it is assumed that the company did not comply with AASB 8.21 b), where information about segment assets and liabilities was not disclosed. However, AASB 8.23 states that ââ¬Ëan entity shall report a measure of liabilities for each reportable segment if such an amount is regularly provided to the chief operating decision makerââ¬â¢ (AASB 2010, p 15). Similarly, this extends to the non-disclosure of segment assets according to AASB 25: ââ¬Ëonly those assets that are included in the measures of the segmentââ¬â¢s assets that are used by the chief operating decision maker shall be reported for that segmentââ¬â¢. Here it is agreed that the CODM of Woolworths does not believe the risk and opportunities of these items are important, thus the non-disclosure in the segment reports. ii) Whilst Woolworths was able to disaggregate the diverse aspects of their total business, Wesfarmers aggregated the majority of their core business operation within the ââ¬ËColesââ¬â¢ segment. It is clear that Wesfarmers does not comply with AASB 8.20; by not enabling users to ââ¬Ëevaluate the nature and financial effects of the business activities in which it engagesââ¬â¢ (AASB 2010, p 14). However, AASB 8.22 b) states that an entity shall disclose ââ¬Ëthe types of products and services from which each reportable segment derives its revenuesââ¬â¢ (AASB 2010, p 15). It is clear that Wesfarmers abide by this standard by disclosing the components of the Coles segment, instead of the revenue figures generated from each segment. d) ACCC investigation i) Acts of ââ¬Ëunconscionable conductââ¬â¢ such as high bargaining strength for Woolworths and Wesfarmers resulting in demands for extra payments, penalties and threat to suppliers that products will be removed from shelves (Rolfe 2013) would be highly financially beneficial to the two groups as they are significantly lowering the costs of supplies, and thus allowing opportunity to increase profit margins. This is further evidenced in Colesââ¬â¢ 15% increase in pre-tax earnings in 6 months (Rolfe 2013) and a 24% increase in pretax earnings for Wesfarmers despite the same level of stock. The two groups also demonstrate significant market power through ââ¬Ëinterestingââ¬â¢ competitive methods (Kidd 2013) of purchasing eachà otherââ¬â¢s profitable stores as the purchases show the ââ¬Ësignificant financial strengthââ¬â¢ (ACCC 2013) of the business. ii) Coles and Woolworths can minimise disclosures as to hide ââ¬Ëunconscionable conductââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ëmisuse of market powerââ¬â¢ by not disclosing costs of supplies in their segment notes. AASB 8 requires a ââ¬Ëmanagement approachââ¬â¢ to be adopted where information used by the ââ¬Ëchief operating decision makerââ¬â¢ internally for segment evaluation is disclosed (AASB 8.5b). This allows greatà flexibility for management to aggregate figures into the disclosed segments which Woolworths had divided into geographical and operational segments. The aggregated figures disclosed are summarised and does not disclose any information about cost of supplies (Woolworths 2012, p 119). In fact, only revenues attributable to each segment is reported. Australian Food and Liquor segment reported $37,681.4M revenue, which depicts a substantially larger segment relative to New Zealand Supermarkets, Petrol, Big W and Hotels, which average at $5000M each. iii) Since Woolworthsââ¬â¢ business in Australia is significantly larger than other segments, from the perspective of consumer groups, it would be beneficial to further divide the Australian Food and Liquor segment into State segments, for example. Currently, Australia has 872 stores, New Zealand has 161 stores and that NSW, QLD, VIC all have larger number of stores than New Zealand, it would be beneficial to further dissect the segments into regional groups. marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7644322605609658016.post-83136618235595562642019-11-14T11:11:00.001-08:002019-11-14T11:11:04.427-08:00Performance Appraisal Essay -- Business, Employee Evaluation, PerformaPerformance appraisals are a major component of human resource management systems used by organisations to measure and manage what is considered to be the most valuable resource available to them; human capital. This report aims to evaluate the effectiveness of performance appraisals and its application to both the employer and its employees, taking into consideration various rationales for its implementation. This will be achieved through an in depth review of the concept of performance appraisals, its evolution in corporate organisations and existing literature on the topic, and the effects (both positive and negative) to the organisation as a whole and to its employees. It will be argued that despite being of relative importance to performance management systems in organisations, performance appraisals fail to achieve the lofty ideals and objectives which characterize its implementation. Performance appraisals are a key component of the performance management process in organisations and are used to obtain feedback on performance levels of employees for a given period of time. Performance appraisals have been defined as the process which allows firms to measure and consequently evaluate an employee's achievements and behaviour over a certain period of time (Devries et al, 1981). It is the process of identifying, observing, measuring and developing human resources in organisations (Cardy and Dobbins, 1994). Various organisations use varying performance appraisal systems and have differing opinions on performance goals which cause some sort of confusion on the purpose of performance appraisal systems (Buckley and Wiese, 1998). Performance is thus the critical factor which is being addressed in the understanding and developmen... ...ughout the organisation. This way, management is able to consistently harmonize its operational goals with employee developmental efforts and job expectations. Performance appraisals also give organisations the opportunity to address performance issues without conflict by providing evidence of actual on the job performance and productivity. This way, high achievers and bottom performance are easily singled out with relative recommendations effected. Despite performance appraisals satisfying numerous organisational objectives, the focus of its activities is in providing direction and information to employees to boost performance and job productivity (Latham et al., 1993). This should remain the primary objective performance appraisal systems should seek to address which leads to this article addressing issues which affects the effectiveness of its implementation. marilynward129http://www.blogger.com/profile/04757192015836755188noreply@blogger.com0